Activism as a pathway to global citizenship

We examined the influence of prior work with activist issues on the antecedents, identification, and outcomes of global citizenship. Participants rated their engagement with activist issues and measures related to global citizenship identification antecedents and outcomes. The results showed that engagement with activist issues predicted global citizenship through the perceptions of one’s normative environment and global awareness. Activism also indirectly predicted prosocial values and behaviors related to global citizen identity through antecedents and global citizenship identification. The results highlight the prosocial outcomes of participation in activist movements.     

Forecasting, growth management and public policy decision making

This paper's objective is to describe the interplay between forecasting and decision making. It shows how a forecast helped shape public policy and, in turn, how public policy influenced a forecast, within the context of the growth management effort underway in the San Diego region. The forecast identified economic challenges and land use issues facing the region and public policy actions were developed to address them. Normative forecasting best describes the relationship between the forecast and these public policy decisions. This active approach to forecasting involves first deciding what future outcome is desirable and, then, designing policies and actions to achieve these outcomes.     

企业雇员组织承诺周期模型研究

本文在32个组织、1453份问卷调查的基础上,阐释了两个重要问题:(1)服务年限对组织承诺水平有显著的影响;(2)组织承诺水平如何随着服务年限发生改变?先前的理论和实证研究是基于组织承诺水平随着雇员服务年限的变化而变化,在雇员刚刚进入组织时下降,尔后开始上升。然而,和现存的组织承诺发展理论相反,组织承诺周期理论揭示出雇员的组织承诺随其服务年限的增长表现出周期性变化,并且显著地划分为五个阶段:震荡期、认同期、稳定期、反刍期、固化期。研究结果对于提高雇员组织承诺和预防雇员离职具有重要的意义。     

Understanding the relative influence of attitudes and societal norms on dietary intentions among African-Caribbean women

This study applies the theory of reasoned action (TRA) to understand the relative influence of personal attitude (AT) toward three chronic diseases (diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension), and social normative (SN) groups (family, friends, and church), toward intention to engage in dietary behaviors associated with obesity and chronic disease risk. The sample consists of N = 183 women, aged 18–55 years, in Barbados, West Indies, selected through a stratified cluster sample technique. The instrument includes demographic and anthropometric variables and components of the TRA. Analyses using structural equation modeling (SEM) indicate that the TRA explains 22%, 35% and 19% of the variances in intention to consume high-fat foods, alcohol, and fruits, nuts and vegetables, respectively. SN is a predictor of all three dietary intentions, while AT predicts only intention to eat fruit, nuts, and vegetables. In the models, social pressure from family is relatively more important than friends and church in influencing dietary intentions. It can be concluded that social normative influences have a stronger effect on intentions to consume fatty foods, alcohol, and fruit, nuts and vegetables than do personal attitudes.     

高校人事档案与个人业务档案一体化管理的构想

高校人事档案与个人业务档案在内容和管理等方面有极相似之处,两者相辅相成。但目前这两类档案由不同部门管理,从而带来一些弊端。只有改变原有人事档案的管理体制,完善归档制度,理顺收集渠道,真正实现人事档案与个人业务档案一体化管理,形成新型的大人事档案,才能发挥它应有的效用。     

论规范性文件的备案审查

规范性文件是指那些由国家机关制定的不属于立法,但又具有普遍约束力的能够反复适用的文件.具体包括立法机关的规范性文件、行政机关的规范性文件和司法机关的规范性文件.报送备案审查的规范性文件的范围应当从备案审查制度的功能和规范性文件的性质两个因素来考虑.同时,规范性文件的备案审查应当与规范性文件的其他审查制度进行协调.     

Cooperation between newcomers and incumbents: The role of normative disagreements

Cooperation in groups often requires individual members to make costly contributions that benefit the group as a whole. Prior research suggests that shared norms can help to support ingroup cooperation by prescribing common standards of how much to contribute. These common standards may be disrupted when groups undergo membership change, i.e., when members from outgroups enter the ingroup. When newcomers and incumbents have different notions about how much to contribute, a normative disagreement ensues that could undermine cooperation and the extent to which individuals identify with the group. In a laboratory experiment, we manipulate whether newcomers and incumbents disagree about how much to contribute in a public goods game with peer punishment. We examine whether normative disagreement between newcomers and incumbents affects newcomer-incumbent relations in terms of group identification, the emergence of a social norm, and costly punishment. The main goal is to test whether normative disagreement and the resulting newcomer-incumbent relations harm cooperation in terms of contributions to the common good. We find that normative disagreement between newcomers and incumbents negatively affects the emergence of a shared social norm and lowers feelings of group identification. Contrary to expectations, normative disagreement does not affect cooperation negatively. Instead, participants adjust their behavior to each other’s standards, using punishment for norm enforcement. This punishment is especially directed at low-contributing newcomers, leading them to conform to the incumbents’ higher contribution standards.     

小企业贷款困难的激励效率比较规范分析?

文章通过供给需求模型分析了当前小企业贷款难题出现的原因,并用福利分析模型比较了贷款利息补贴和风险补偿的效率。研究表明：小企业贷款风险溢价是造成小企业贷款难、贷款贵的主要原因;贷款利息补贴和风险补偿的效率完全相同,都使银行的供给者剩余和小企业的消费者剩余增加,但也都造成社会总福利损失。     

Exploring the embassy sampling strategy for large-scale cross-national study in replicating the normative theory of global public relations

This study explored a new sampling strategy of using embassies as cultural enclaves for large-scale cross-national research in testing the generic status of individual excellence principles in the normative theory of global public relations. Based on survey data, the investigation looked at factorial invariance for six organizational process-related excellence principles across two cultural groups of embassies (N = 113) in Washington, D.C.: individualist and collectivist. The findings suggested that the principle of symmetric internal communication may not be generic whereas the others are universal in factor structure and further put into question the generic status of the notion of symmetry so fundamental to symmetric internal communication.