From ‘weak’ to ‘strong’ multifunctionality: Conceptualising farm-level multifunctional transitional pathways

Building on normative conceptualisations of multifunctionality as a decision-making spectrum bounded by productivist and non-productivist action and thought, this paper analyses farm-level multifunctional agricultural transitions. First, the paper suggests that it may be possible to categorise different farm types along the productivist/non-productivist multifunctionality spectrum, and that transitional potential from weak to strong multifunctionality often differs between different categories of farms and types of farm ownership. Second, the paper conceptualises multifunctional transitional processes at farm level over time, and introduces the notions of multifunctional path dependency and decision-making corridors, the latter of which can be understood as ‘bundles’ of decision-making opportunities bounded by productivist and non-productivist action and thought. The analysis suggests that system memory plays an important role in defining the likelihood of multifunctional actions, and argues that transitional ruptures—sudden breaks in transitional pathways—often characterise farm-level transitions. The paper concludes by highlighting the methodological challenges awaiting future researchers of multifunctional agricultural transitions.     

关于高职学生成长档案管理工作的几点思考

高职学生成长档案是全面反映学校培养、教育学子,提高其综合素质的第一手资料,也是校方举荐毕业生升学、就业的权威性材料,更是学生走出校门,参与社会工作的重要依据。通过对高职院校学生成长档案主要内容的介绍,并针对学生成长档案管理中存在的问题,提出一些对策和建议。     

Enhancing Student Awareness of the Importance of Full and Accurate Documentation in Social Work Practice

The paper describes a classroom assignment that was used to raise social work students' awareness of the importance of timely, clear, and thorough documentation. The assignment was devised in view of the great importance of quality documentation in social work, coupled with the reluctance of social workers to invest the necessary time and effort to produce it. The core of the assignment was for the students to examine and report on the documentation in two client files at their fieldwork agency. The findings obtained from the students' reports show that about a fifth of the 190 files that were examined did not contain various pieces of basic information about the clients and intervention outcomes, and that much of the information that was provided was unclear and unorganized. The students' written reflections following the completion of the assignment indicate that the assignment achieved its aim of elevating their awareness of the importance of quality documentation. The paper ends with a discussion of issues to consider in repeating the assignment in the future, based on the reflections of the students and their classroom instructors.     

小企业贷款困难的激励效率比较规范分析?

文章通过供给需求模型分析了当前小企业贷款难题出现的原因,并用福利分析模型比较了贷款利息补贴和风险补偿的效率。研究表明：小企业贷款风险溢价是造成小企业贷款难、贷款贵的主要原因;贷款利息补贴和风险补偿的效率完全相同,都使银行的供给者剩余和小企业的消费者剩余增加,但也都造成社会总福利损失。     

检察机关参与环境民事公益诉讼的实践进路——基于案例的整理和反思

检察机关参与环境民事公益诉讼的形式包括通过具体案例和通过与法院、环保等部门联合制定规范性的操作意见参与。参与的主要途径包括直接起诉、支持起诉和刑事附带民事诉讼,其中支持起诉和刑事附带民事诉讼具有明确的法律依据,而直接起诉具有较大争议。检察机关为适应现代风险社会而适当介入民事领域具有正当性,提起环境民事公益诉讼是强力公益诉讼制度的有效途径。检察机关提起公益诉讼与诉讼的可调解性之间不存在矛盾。检察机关通过与有关部门制定规范性的文件,应当从我国宪法规定的检察权性质出发。     

从《乾隆朝上谕档》看乾隆帝的驭臣策略

《乾隆朝上谕档》是乾隆一朝上谕副本的汇集,其中保存了数量众多的吏治方面的文献,为深入研究乾隆帝宽严相济的驭臣策略提供了重要的原始史料。宽严相济的驭臣策略是乾隆帝总结康、雍两朝的吏治得失慎重提出的,具体表现为恩威并施,执两用中,这一策略在维护清朝统治的稳固和帝王的权威等方面起到一定的积极作用,但其负面影响也不容忽视。     

乾隆初年禁踩曲烧酒朱批奏折档案中所载汾酒史料考述

乾隆初年禁踩曲烧酒朱批奏折档案中所载汾酒史料的相关史料,以其真实性和权威性,填补了清代前中叶的史籍,尤其是山西史籍对汾酒历史记载的遗漏。将“汾酒”称谓在史籍中的最早记载时间向前提了55年。将“汾酒”称谓在山西史籍中的最早记载时间向前提了147年。同时将康、雍、乾之际,汾酒在清王朝辽阔的疆域内“四远驰名”的实情呈现在人们面前。     

针砭法律文本书名号的使用问题

规范性法律文件是智力活动的成果,具有独创性,属于作品范畴,所以援引时使用书名号是不容置疑的。然而,我国现行规范性法律文件在提及其他法律文件时,却存在着很多不规范、不统一现象。通过对大量立法例的实证分析,归纳了立法实践中存在的该用不用、用亦乱用、扩张使用书名号等诸多问题。     

几何图示法在社工实务中的应用初探

社会工作是持守利他主义的助人理念,以科学的知识为基础、用科学的方法助人的服务活动.在社会工作实务工作中,社会工作者要在与服务对象彼此信任合作的和谐关系下,充分调动服务对象本身的潜能与积极性,共同探讨、研究服务对象的问题、家庭及社会环境,运用服务对象本身及其外部资源,增强服务对象解决问题的能力,达到帮助     

Normative Life Satisfaction in Chinese Societies

Research over several decades about subjective life satisfaction has led to the conclusion that the majority of people seem to be satisfied with their lives when their social and physical needs are met. In empirical studies which have used self-report instruments, this trend is reflected in respondents’ consistent preference for the positive end of scales. This led to the suggestion that there is a normative range for life satisfaction, which should hold true for general population data and, therefore, serve as a reference point, or a gold standard, for comparison (Cummins Social Indicators Research, 35, 179–200, 1995, Social Indicators Research, 43, 307–334, 1998). Subsequent research has shown that Western and non-Western samples generally conform to the normative range, but more data are needed from Chinese societies. In an attempt to remedy this situation, this paper investigates normative life satisfaction there. This paper reanalyses published and unpublished data from various Chinese societies (People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, and Taiwan) in order to confirm whether or not they lie within the normative range for non-Western countries. The results provide support for the relevance of Cummins’s normative range in Chinese societies. That the normative range generalised to the present study is a very useful finding, as it supports its utility for Chinese samples, and adds support to a theoretical explanation – i.e. the Wellbeing Homeostatisis theory—in Chinese groups.