The Double Challenge of Market and Social Incorporation: Progress and Bottlenecks in Latin America

Has the past decade of sustained economic growth and political transformations reversed Latin America's historical failure to secure market and social incorporation? To address this question this article draws on the experiences of Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Peru and Uruguay by distinguishing between short‐term outcomes – which may depend on benign international conditions – and policy changes, which are more important for long‐term performance. It highlights the overall success of both Brazil and Uruguay and shows that the other countries have made more progress in terms of social than market incorporation.     

Insecure times? Workers' perceived job and labor market security in 23 OECD countries

By examining the association between employees' perceptions of job security and central labor market policies and characteristics, this paper seeks to understand the mechanisms through which institutions generate confidence and positive expectations among individuals regarding their economic future. The analyses distinguish between different facets of perceived job security and different institutional mechanisms. My multilevel analyses of a data set that contains information on 12,431 individuals and 23 countries show that some labor market policies and characteristics are more likely than others to provide workers with subjective security. Unemployment assistance in particular is an effective means of reducing workers' worries about job loss. Dismissal protection, by contrast, only unleashes its psychologically protective effects under certain conditions. The paper's main conclusion is that the effectiveness of policies varies and that different types of labor market institutions serve as complements rather than as substitutes.     

Changes in the labour market and health inequalities during the years of the recent economic downturn in Italy

There is widespread concern that episodes of unemployment and unstable working conditions adversely affect health. We add to the debate by focusing on the relationship between work trajectory and the self-reported health of Italian men and women during the present economic downturn. Relying on Italian data in the EU-SILC project (from 2007 to 2010), our sample includes all individuals aged 30 to 60 in 2010, and uses multivariate binomial regression models for preliminary analyses and the Structural Equations modelling (SEM) to observe the cumulative effects of health status according to different job trajectories. Our main findings show similar pictures for men and women. Individuals who are unemployed, ejected or in precarious occupational positions have a higher risk of worsening their health status during these years.     

美国视频通信市场的转型——付费视频内容转向互联网

本文概述了当前美国有线电视行业／付费视频行业的局势，以及一些重要问题和面临的挑战，展望了未来的视频市场，概述了一个未来视频／宽带市场的战略愿景，然后回归到政策建议及具体的立法和管制行动。这将帮助我们在最短的、可操作的时间内通向一个开放的、非歧视性的、无处不在的宽带网络。     

城市人口密度、国内市场规模与就业增长

我国经济“高增长、低就业”现象的原因在于我国贸易成本过高，国内市场规模较少。解决我国就业问题的关键在于减少行政干预，顺应市场要求，促进人口在空间上的适度集中，提高人口密度，提高消费效率，扩大市场规模。应进一步完善城乡一体的户籍制度，完善整合城乡劳动力市场，提高要素流动能力等。     

Change in the Chilean social model

Chile modernized its social model in two stages characterized by different strategies: developmentalism (1924–73) and the Washington Consensus (1973–2008). In the first stage, the State pursued both social policies of universal coverage and land reform, while also building up the country's economic and institutional infrastructure. After the 1973 military coup, some public services were dismantled and privatized, and the labour movement was suppressed. Since the end of the dictatorship in 1990, resistance to state regulation and an anti‐labour bias have persisted, albeit to a diminishing degree due to advances in democratization and, latterly, the current world economic crisis.     

鼓励和引导民间投资对策的思考

我国近期出台了扩大民间投资行业和领域的政策。然而,长期以来民间投资遇到了市场准入的障碍。要想彻底改善当前民间投资的环境,则需要通过完善有关措施来贯彻和细化有关的政策,努力形成各类资本相互融合、多种所有制经济协调发展的经济新格局。     

试论西部地区发展特色经济的市场条件

特色经济应该是具有发展活力和市场竞争力、有市场供给和需求条件的经济,应该是有效率的经济,是一种扬优成势的经济。特色经济是相比较而言,不存在绝对意义上的特色经济。发展特色经济取决于资源禀赋。由于资源要素结构及配置过程的差异性,不同区域的经济结构总是存在差异,区域差异是一种自然状态。区域差异是发展特色经济的基础。发展西部地区特色经济要确立市场观念、竞争观念、效率观念。     

Entry and Exit in OTC Derivatives Markets

We develop a parsimonious model to study the equilibrium and socially optimal decisions of banks to enter, trade in, and possibly exit, an OTC market. Although we endow all banks with the same trading technology, banks' optimal entry and trading decisions endogenously lead to a realistic market structure composed of dealers and customers with distinct trading patterns. We decompose banks' entry incentives into incentives to hedge risk and incentives to make intermediation profits. We show that dealer banks enter more than is socially optimal. In the face of large negative shocks, they may also exit more than is socially optimal when markets are not perfectly resilient.     

中国股票市场波动率的多重分形分析与实证

我国股票市场波动表现出随时间变化的动态特征。文章采用多重消除趋势波动分析法(MFDFA),对沪深股市四个主要指数的日波动率时间序列进行了分析。结果表明,沪深股市四个主要指数的日波动率时间序列均表现出多重分形特征,且上证指数和中证500指数日波动率序列相对于其他两个指数日波动率序列表现出更强的多重分形特征。各指数日波动率时间序列的多重分形特征均是自身的长程相关性和波动的厚尾分布共同作用的结果,且波动的厚尾分布对原始序列的多重分形特征的影响比长程相关性大。