正式社会控制为何失败? ———对云南平县拐卖妇女现象的田野调查

通过对平县的实地调查,发现大量的妇女流动伴生了拐卖妇女现象。研究表明,国家的正式社会控制在面对大量的拐卖妇女问题时是无力的,民间的非正式社会控制也是衰弱的。这是因为社会的结构性紧张以及一些存在缺陷的国家制度导致了拐卖妇女这一大规模越轨行为的发生,并制约着社会控制的运作。这一个案说明运动式或执法式的正式社会控制无力消除基于社会的结构性紧张产生出的大规模越轨,面对大量的越轨需要考虑的是调整政策和法律,建构均衡、和谐的社会结构,而不是简单强调对现有政策、法律的实施。     

美人闺房愁绝——唐五代词“男子而作闺音”范式

田同之以“男子而作闺音”论词,准确地把握了词最为范式化的特质。花间、南唐词人,在创作中大都“遵循一种惯例性的艺术表现范型”,即“男子而作闺音”范式。这种范式由温庭筠开创,为花间、南唐词人所强制乃至发展和深化。     

古罗马妇女的家庭责任感

古罗马后期,妇女虽然可以参与社会政治生活,但她们的主要活动空间还是家庭。随着妇女地位的提高,她们的家庭责任感更加强烈,并努力提高自己在家庭中的地位,甚至追求更大的权力。     

Employment motivations of farm spouses

In the study reported here, reasons for working off the farm and reasons for not working off the farm are examined as a function of gender and socioeconomic characteristics. Women are significantly less likely than men to work off the farm to supplement farm income, and significantly more likely to work off the farm for personal reasons. A logistic regression analysis finds that men, those employed fulltime off the farm, and those with lower household incomes are most likely to cite economic reasons for working off the farm. Men are nearly twice as likely as women to cite time constraints as the primary reason for not working off the farm, while only women cite family responsibilities. Logistic regression reveals that men, those with higher household incomes, and those with livestock operations are most likely to cite lack of time as the primary reason for not working off the farm.Patricia J. Wozniak is Associate Professor in the Department of Experimental Statistics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. Her research interests include family life and family economics, as well as the application of statistics to the social sciences. She received her Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee.Kathleen K. Scholl is Senior Coordinator of the Economics Team of the Public Policy Institute at the American Association of Retired Persons, 1909 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20049. She received her Ph.D. from Purdue University.     

企业所有者的女企业家和企业雇佣管理的女职业经理人比较研究——珠江三角洲地区女私营企业家群体分析

珠江三角洲地区的女私营企业家由两大部分组成:企业所有者的女企业家和被雇佣的女职业经理人。她们虽然在人力资本、家庭背景、关系网络、管理企业的规模、职务年薪等方面存在区别,但在闲暇生活、生活价值、工作态度、政治待遇等方面具有一致性。她们在本质上属于同一阶层,国家应该在政策、制度和技术等方面为女私营企业家的成长和壮大创造条件和机会。     

《故事新编》与新历史小说比较论

《故事新编》与新历史小说有一些共同点,但在是保留一定史实还是完全虚构、是把历史凡俗化还是进一步在"审丑"中走向鄙俗化,以及面对历史虚无所采取的姿态等方面存在着较大的差异。通过比较,力图为当下的历史小说创作提供某种适宜的尺度。     

Beyond anti-terrorism: Metaphors as message strategy of post-September-11 U.S. public diplomacy

This research analyzed the major metaphors the U.S. government created to define the post-September-11 world realities, including “Second Front,” “Axis of Evil,” “Old Europe,” “Responsible Stakeholder,” and “Color Revolution.” The metaphors are found to be rhetorically advocating and share the archetypal metaphor of “democracy vs. tyranny” and “freedom vs. oppression.” The metaphors had their origins in the U.S. national security strategies, and the images they created highlighted aspects of the moral and ideological considerations but hide certain aspects of the realpolitik motivations.     

实用与实在：新实用主义观点概述

实在论与反实在论的纷争主要集中在语义学、认识论和本体论三个方面的分歧。实在论与反实在论在这三方面的互文概述,以及老实用主义与新实用主义的互文概述,表明与实在论所依据的基础主义原则不同,新实用主义秉持着与反实在论相似的背景主义原则;与老实用主义所凭依的心理学行为主义原则相佐,新实用主义则作为分析哲学的继续和变异,注重语言和行为主义的语义语用学原则的基础性地位。     

Job creation: New work for women?

The movement of some women into self employment is considered in this paper. It is argued that if this movement is to be successful, and thus have any influence on the equality of employment opportunities, then it is necessary for the business ventures involved to be run strategically rather than operationally. It is also argued that there must be greater scope and encouragement for innovation in this area, otherwise there is a danger of mirroring, in new business formation, the structure of inequality that applies to the formal, and declining, structure of current employment. Finally, the paper examines the need for women's entrepreneurial ventures to be better accepted by and integrated into the wider social fabric. The potential sources of stress and of satisfaction in women's self employment are noted.     

Women at work in workplaces designed for men: Anthropometry and ergonomics

This article considers one of the sources of stress faced by modern working women: that of having to work in environments largely designed for men. It outlines how this problem has arisen, and examines the different ways in which it can be overcome, pointing up some of the main ergonomic issues that should be addressed in the design of work environments and facilities.