How to Perform an Ethical Risk Analysis (eRA)

Ethical analysis is often needed in the preparation of policy decisions on risk. A three‐step method is proposed for performing an ethical risk analysis (eRA). In the first step, the people concerned are identified and categorized in terms of the distinct but compatible roles of being risk‐exposed, a beneficiary, or a decisionmaker. In the second step, a more detailed classification of roles and role combinations is performed, and ethically problematic role combinations are identified. In the third step, further ethical deliberation takes place, with an emphasis on individual risk‐benefit weighing, distributional analysis, rights analysis, and power analysis. Ethical issues pertaining to subsidiary risk roles, such as those of experts and journalists, are also treated in this phase. An eRA should supplement, not replace, a traditional risk analysis that puts emphasis on the probabilities and severities of undesirable events but does not cover ethical issues such as agency, interpersonal relationships, and justice.     

Discouraged vs. added workers: Variation by gender,age, and marital status

This paper analyzes the relationship between aggregate unemployment and the labor force participation of males and females of differing ages and marital circumstances. According to the discouraged-worker effect, a higher unemployment rate causes some workers to leave the labor force leading to a reduction in both the labor-force participation rate and the unemployment rate. To shed light on this statistical incongruity, a unique data set consisting of monthly observations from the Current Population Survey is used to extract the labor force participation rates of males and females of three different age categories and three different marital classifications. Impulse functions from vector error-correction models indicate that discouraged workers are more likely though not exclusively to consist of married males and females between 50 and 65 years of age. No statistically significant evidence of a net added-worker effect is found among married females or males in any age group.     

中美两国妇女生育双胞胎率的比较分析

本文比较了中美两国育龄妇女生育双胞胎率的差异以及与年龄的关系,指出一卵双胎率和二卵双胎率大小．不但与妇女妊娠年龄有关,而且与遗传有关．     

人口年龄结构、经济增长与中国居民消费

本文以生命周期假说为理论基础,运用中国2002-2008年的省级面板数据分析了人口年龄结构变化和经济增长对中国居民消费率的影响.实证研究发现:人口结构因素和收入增长率对居民消费有着显著的影响.其中,消费率与少儿抚养比、老年抚养比间分别存在正相关关系和负相关关系,与经济增长率之间存在负相关关系.然而,在分别对东、中、西部地区的研究中却发现,消费率与抚养比以及经济增长率的关系并不与全国保持一致,这些差别反映了区域间经济社会发展差距以及不同地区老龄化程度的差异.     

异化思维语与归化功能对等的选择——谈电影《冰河世纪》的对白翻译

本文以电影《冰河世纪》的上译版与台湾版对白翻译为例,研究从译者主体性、文化中心性和审美情趣等三方面进行的翻译选择。     

深圳流动育龄妇女生育子女数的影响因素分析

本文利用“深圳市龙岗区流动人口计划生育管理与服务状况”调查数据,设计了4个模型,分别从不同角度对生育子女数、初婚初育、初婚二孩生育和初婚三孩生育的影响因素进行了多因素分析。研究结果表明,早婚和多育之间有正相关关系,它和生育意愿有一定的关联。生育意愿对生育行为的影响是非线性的,它对三孩生育的影响最强。经济收入水平对生育行为的影响很复杂,收入水平提高产生的短期效果可能是促进生育率增长。     

略论中国古代刑事责任年龄制度

文章先对前人的研究进行了一个简要的回顾,前人学者一般都将古代的老小废疾制度辨认为中国古代的刑事责任年龄制度。文章对这种观点提出了质疑。通过对《周礼》中的"三赦"、主要朝代的相关法律条文及解释以及清代《刑案汇览》中相关案件的考察,指出了古代的"老小废疾"制度与现代的刑事责任年龄制度在理念上存在着巨大的差别。     

Interorganizational Determinants of Environmental Purchasing: Initial Evidence from the Consumer Products Industries*

Environmental purchasing consists of the purchasing function's involvement in activities that include reduction, recycling, reuse, and substitution of materials. Despite the potentially important role that the purchasing function can play in a firm's environmental activities, little research has been performed to date that examines the factors that impact environmental purchasing. The authors develop and empirically test a theoretical model that examines how interorganizational factors both drive and constrain purchasing's involvement in environmental activities. The empirical findings suggest that environmental purchasing activities will be facilitated through increased coordination with suppliers as well as downstream members of the supply chain, including retailers. The results also suggest the need for increased coordination within the firm, particularly between the purchasing function on the inbound side and marketing and distribution functions on the outbound side.     

Reconfiguring the Supply Network Using Current Performance Data

Reconfiguration of the supply chain network from time to time is essential for businesses to retain their competitive edge. This paper presents a methodology for reconfiguration of an existing supply chain network. The methodology is characterized by two decision levels. In the first level, the current network performance is evaluated and efficient practices are identified. In the next level, a model that incorporates efficient practices is developed to reconfigure the network. This integrated methodology allows for decision maker (DM) input throughout the process. The methodology has been implemented and tested in the reconfiguration of an outbound petroleum supply chain network for CountryMark Cooperative, Inc. In this case study, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to analyze current operations and an integer programming (IP) model that incorporates efficiency metrics is developed for selection of distribution facilities and allocation of resources to the facilities. Use of this methodology can lead to improved operations and reduced operating expenses.