数字环境下大学生信息素养现状调查与对策分析——以江西省20所高等院校为例

通过对江西省20所本、专科院校在校生的信息意识、信息能力、信息道德等三方面现状进行调查分析,发现我国大学生存在信息意识淡薄、信息能力不足、信息观念滞后等问题,并根据知识经济的时代要求提出了提高高校图书馆的信息服务及数字化建设水平,进而加强大学生信息素养教育的建议和对策。     

关于社会分配公平问题的思考

社会分配公平是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要内容。社会分配公平要正确处理好效率与公平的关系,追求自由与平等是其分配的价值基础。社会分配公平不是平均分配,也不仅仅是物质财富的分配,而更应包括非物质财富的公平分配,要实现社会分配公平主要是依靠制度的正义创设与安排。     

上市公司资本结构特点的实证分析

资本结构决策是企业融资决策的核心问题。国内学者对于资本结构的研究,无论是研究资本结构与企业价值的关系,还是研究影响资本结构的因素,都缺乏对我国上市公司资本结构的特点及分布规律的整体认识,从而把握上市公司资本结构的理论依据和实践特点,因此,本文提出我国上市公司资本结构的一些主要特点,进而分析影响上市公司资本结构的主要因素,得出企业的获利能力、流动比率、固定资产比例与负债率负相关;公司规模、公司的成长性与负债率正相关的结论,为进一步的实证分析提供了理论基础。     

Does age diversity boost technological innovation? Exploring the moderating role of HR practices

We shed new light on the linkages between age diversity and technological innovation, and explore the moderating effect of human resource practices on such relationships. Based on a linked dataset that contains cross-sectional survey data and longitudinal employer–employee data from Luxembourg, we show that the effect of age diversity on innovation depends on the age distribution pattern of employees: positive for firms characterized by heterogeneous age groups (variety), negative for those dominated by polarized age groups (polarization). HR practices such as information sharing mitigate the adverse effects of age polarization on innovation. Practices enhancing development such as training are found to play a significant and negative role in moderating the relationship between age diversity and innovation. We illustrate how academics and practitioners may use HR practices within the context of a heterogeneous aging workforce and the age-related differences in values and abilities between generations.     

Multiperiod Capacity Expansion in Globally Dispersed Regions

Multiperiod capacitated location (MCL) models specify where and when capacity expansions should be made, and how large they should be. The MCL model developed in this paper incorporates a shift from manufacturing for overseas markets to manufacturing in overseas markets. While MCL models generally have not provided lower bounds on the optimal solution, the methodology of this paper provides both upper and lower bounds. Computational results are given for problems involving up to 200 locations/destinations and 10‐year planning horizons. Near‐optimal solutions are provided in reasonable computing times with average convergence less than 2%. Representative variations in cost between regions are simulated in the test problems, and the managerial implications of alternative diversification strategies are also assessed.     

Inventory Positioning/Partitioning for Backorders Optimization for a Class of Multi-Echelon Inventory Problems*

Inventory management has undergone significant philosophical changes in recent decades such as the advent of the zero inventory concept. However, as attractive as the concept of minimal inventories may be, it is often unrealistic in application. Attention to basic features of inventory control systems such as order quantities, base stock levels, and reorder points remain crucial to ensure customer service at minimal cost. A nonlinear optimization model for determining base stock levels in a multi-echelon inventory network is presented. Lagrangian relaxation results in (1) newsboy-style relations that provide the optimal solutions, and (2) instantaneous shadow prices for the budget constraint. Sensitivity analysis of this model will facilitate making decisions concerning the desired investment in inventory for the entire system. This model may be solved on standard nonlinear programming software and is generalizable to problems in both production and distribution settings.     

A Comparison of Three Joint Ordering Inventory Policies*

This paper evaluates the performance of a joint ordering inventory policy which was first suggested and characterized by Renberg and Planche [14]. This paper shows that the policy is easily characterized for Poisson demands. This policy is then compared with two other joint ordering policies—the well-known (S, c, s) or can-order policy of Balintfy [3] and the recent periodic policies suggested by Atkins and lyogun [2]. For a continuous review operating environment, the Renberg and Planche policy utilizes a group reorder point and a combined order quantity (Q), with each item maintaining an order-up-to level (S). For the can-order policy, each item in the product group has a must-order point (s), a can-order point (c) and an order-up-to level (S). The periodic policies require that item orders be grouped at some fixed scheduled intervals. Using long-run total average costs as the basis, it is shown that no one policy is superior to the others in all the examples tested. In some cases, the Renberg and Planche policy performs surprisingly well.