作为亚文化的五月风暴:勾连实践与感觉结构

在法国1968年五月风暴事件中,亚文化作为美国当时的文化现象,通过媒介等介质传到法国,间接影响了法国的五月风暴事件。当以风格抵抗的亚文化在五月风暴中转换为切实的对抗行动的那一刻,意识形态的断裂处就缝合起来了,此时亚文化与五月风暴形成了独特的勾连,在一定程度上推动了法国青年学生群体的行动与抵抗。而两者勾连后的同一性又形成了这一代青年反抗群体独有的感觉结构,即嬉皮精神。嬉皮精神作为五月风暴中青年群体的感觉结构,内化为五月风暴参与者的抵抗行为,以及亚文化再生产的精神驱力。     

A review,analysis, and extension of peer-leader feedback agreement: Contrasting group aggregate agreement vs. self-other agreement using entity analytics and visualization

In reviewing peer-leader feedback within Multi-Source Feedback programs, the group aggregate agreement (GAA) method is contrasted with self-other agreement (SOA). Past research (Markham, Smith, et al., 2014) has demonstrated convergence problems with GAA for groups of peer raters. To evaluate dyadic convergence, we used the Benchmarks data to investigate two derailment factors (Building & Mending Relationships and Interpersonal Problems) for 4607 peers describing 1505 focal respondents. For high-agreement dyads, the r_total = ? 0.66** with 88% of the combined variance and covariance based on dyadic averages converging as whole units. Only 50% of all dyads demonstrated this type of high convergence. For low agreement dyads, the matching correlation (r_total = ? 0.56**) was almost exclusively a function of within-dyad divergence with only 4% stemming from between-dyad sources. Research implications for evaluating SOA under these agreement conditions are highlighted. Practitioner applications for using an entity-based visualization of dyads also are prototyped and discussed.     

New Institutional Entrepreneurship and a Celebrity CEO: The Role of Institutional Actors in Japan

DiMaggio and Powell [1983. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.” American Sociological Review 48 (2): 147–160] suggest that the trend currently seen in Japanese organizations to develop organizational reforms, and notably downsizing, is a kind international ‘mimetic isomorphism’ based on Western blueprints. These concepts of isomorphism and legitimacy go hand in hand with the increase in the use of Western language. However, this paper shows that these concepts have not entered into Japanese culture without debate, resistance and transformation. The paper also looks at the newly developing concept of ‘institutional work’ [Lawrence, T., and R. Suddaby. 2006. “Institutional Work.” In The Sage Handbook of Organization Studies, edited by S. Clegg, T. B. Lawrence and W. R. Nord, 215–254. London: Sage; Lawrence, T. B., R. Suddaby, and B. Leca. 2009. Institutional Work: Actors and Agency in Institutional Studies of Organizations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Lawrence, T. B., R. Suddaby, and B. Leca. 2011. “Institutional Work: Refocusing Institutional Studies of Organization.” Journal of Management Inquiry 20 (1): 52–58], and argues that this is a useful concept in order to study how PR activities in the Western style have become institutionalized within organizations. The paper also investigates the roles of institutional actors in Japan, by examining the case of Nissan Motor. This industry leader announced drastic downsizing, almost for the first time in Japan, suggesting its contribution to creating new institutional entrepreneurship more widely within Japanese organizations. This research examines the role of top leaders and mass media, who are one of the main institutional actors but are less often considered by neo-institutional theory.     

用结构方程模型建构指标体系

在实证研究中,为了量化抽象概念,必须建构指标体系.由于研究者的背景不同,对同一抽象概念所建构的指标体系不论是在体系框架还是在权重分配上都会有差异,有时甚至大相径庭.结构方程模型技术是针对主观建构的各种不同指标体系,以采集的客观数据为基础,对它们进行拟合、修改与评估,找出相对最准确、最简洁的指标体系,并通过拟合出来的因子负荷来分配指标体系维度以及指标的权重.该技术的魅力可以在建构高校学生学风指标体系中充分展示.     

Task-Structure Relationship of Information Systems Development Subunit: A Congruence Perspective*

Several studies have examined the influence of organizational context (e.g., organization size, environment, strategy) on information systems (IS) performance/success. But very few studies have examined IS structure, and those studies have focused on a particular element of IS structure (e.g., decentralization). Thus, the multidimensional structural configuration of IS as an organizational subunit has escaped research attention. Further, the nature of the task to be performed by the IS subunit as a contextual factor has been virtually ignored in the IS research literature. In this paper, we first develop a congruence model for the task-structure relationship in an information systems development (ISD) subunit setting. Then we test this model as a multivariate relationship followed by subordinate bivariate analyses. Analysis of data from 41 hospitals’ ISD subunits reveals that a congruence relationship between task context and the structure of an ISD subunit is present. Our findings also show that an exclusive association exists between uncertainty in the task environment and the decision-making structure. Likewise, the association between equivocality of task content and the control structure of the ISD subunit is also exclusive. Implications of these findings for decision makers and researchers are discussed.     

权力结构变化与经济制度创新——基于历史视角的分析

社会权力结构变化是经济制度创新的重要因素之一.从历史上看,前工业社会,农民和奴隶没有独立性的私有产权,产权与神权、君权、皇权联系在一起,失衡、固化的权力结构不利于生产力发展与市场交易,制度创新很难发生,这一时期的制度变革往往依靠武力;早期工业社会的权力结构呈现一种相对多元结构,产权私有制与市场制度结合,公司制企业替代传统作坊等创新制度促进了经济的发展;20世纪开放的产权制度形成了多元产权主体共存于同一经济组织之中,不断变化的权力结构带来经济制度的不断创新以及生产力和经济的空前发展.可以说,经济和社会的发展历史是权力结构不断发展变化的历史,也是制度不断创新的历史.     

纵横结构的公共文化服务体系模型建构

目前我国公共文化服务体系的构建工作仍处于起步阶段,在结构上存在严重缺陷.一是从公共文化服务运行的整个链条来看,有明显缺环;二是从为公共文化服务体系有效运行提供的各类保障来看,有关制度、机制、法律保障仍有重大缺失.这些情况说明公共文化服务体系需要进行全新构建.依照我国当前的文化行政能力和体制条件,公共文化服务体系可以设计为一个纵横的网状结构模型.横向结构由功能不同的四个系统组成,包括投入与财政执行保障系统、产品供给保障系统、人力资源保障系统、绩效评估保障系统,每一系统内又有子系统.纵向结构由从财政预算、财政拨付、投入分配、产品生产、产品分配与使用到绩效评估的全部环节链接而成,构成公共文化服务体系从起始到结束的运作流程.     

董事会能降低上市公司被ST的可能性吗

本文研究了董事会结构对上市公司被特别处理(ST)的影响。通过运用logit回归模型,对上市公司在1998年到2010年之间所有被ST的上市公司和其他与这些公司行业相同、规模相近的未ST上市公司进行计量回归后,可以发现在控制了上市公司的财务数据变量(盈利性、流动性、杠杆性)后,越大的董事会组织结构会减少大型复杂的公司被ST的风险,但是这一点对小型公司不适用。同时我们发现,独立董事所占比例越大,越能减少公司的破产风险,即使在那些更加需要专业知识的公司中。计量结果还显示出,与政府之间的相关联程度越高,公司被ST的可能性越低。并且,提高CEO权利的集中度也可以达到这样的效果,但这一点存在质疑,没有得到理论的支持。     

中东地区格局变动中的以色列

以色列在中东地区格局的转变中更趋孤立,周边安全环境遭受巨大冲击后趋于复杂,巴以和谈重新启动,但进展迟缓,以色列国内安全堪忧,以土关系跌入低谷后重回正常化轨道,以色列对伊朗发出动武威胁,并反对伊核协议的达成。     

Measuring organizational effectiveness to develop strategies to promote retention in public child welfare

Public child welfare agencies are under pressure to improve organizational, practice and client outcomes. Related to all of these outcomes is the retention of staff. Employee intent to remain employed may be used as a proxy for actual retention. In this study public child welfare staff in one Midwestern state were surveyed using the Survey of Organizational Excellence (Lauderdale, 1999) and the Intent to Remain Employed (Ellett, Ellett, & Rugutt, 2003) scales to assess the extent to which constructs such as perceptions of organizational culture, communication and other areas of organizational effectiveness were associated with intent to remain employed. A number of statistically significant relationships were identified which were presented to the public agency for use in the development of strategies for organizational improvement. Data were also analyzed regionally and based on urban/suburban/rural status to enable development of targeted approaches. This case study presents an example of how ongoing measurement of organizational effectiveness can be used as a strategy for organizational improvement over time in the child welfare system.