非洲统一组织与非洲国家边界问题

文章从非洲国家边界问题的由来及危害、非洲统一组织解决非洲边界问题的基本准则以及非洲统一组织解决非洲边界问题的原则和具体措施等3个方面,通过对一些原始文件、论著和论文的研究,得出以下结论：是非洲的历史和现实确定了非洲边界,致使非洲国家边界冲突不断。严重地阻碍了非洲的和平与发展。作为非洲最大最重要的国际组织,坚持维护非洲边界现状,坚持在非洲范围内和平解决的原则,为解决非洲边界问题做出了重大贡献。在今天,非洲统一组织解决边界问题的经验依然具有很大的现实意义。     

1933年冀鲁豫黄河水灾与救济

1933年7、8月间,黄河流域发生特大洪水,其中以冀鲁豫三省灾情最重,受灾面积达1万多平方公里,受灾人口300多万,财产损失2亿多元.国民政府在灾后成立了黄河水灾救济委员会,对灾区进行急赈、工赈和卫生防疫.尽管这次赈济活动有健全的组织和制度,但由于投入太少,成效甚微.这场水灾救济的失败,既加重了当时中国的农业恐慌,也反映出南京国民政府在救灾方面的无力和无能.     

新农村建设与农村发展观的转变

过去的20年,中国农村的生活水平得到了很大的提高,但是在社会发展方面却进步较小。新农村建设的核心是农村发展观的转变。这个转变包括三个方面的含义:其一,农村不再单纯地等于农业,不再是单纯向城市提供农产品的地方,而是可以成为人民安居乐业的所在;其二,农村不再是可以任其消亡的穷乡僻壤,而是可以体面地生活的地方;其三,农村将在自我管理的基础上重建组织和文化秩序。新的农村发展观将以"低度发展,高度和谐"为特征,以提高农村居民的福利为最终目标。在新农村建设中,政府的参与必不可少,其媒介是村民委员会。     

The Corporate Governance Effects of Audit Committees

Arguments associated with the promotion of audit committees in many countries are premised on their potential for alleviating weaknesses in corporate governance. This paper provides a synthesis and evaluation of empirical research on the governance effects associated with audit committees. Given recent policy recommendations in several countries aimed at strengthening these committees, it is important to establish what research evidence demonstrates about their existing governance contribution.A framework for analyzing the impact of audit committees is described, identifying potential perceived effects which may have led to their adoption and documented effects on aspects of the audit function, on financial reporting quality and on corporate performance. It is argued that there is only limited and mixed evidence of effects to support claims and perceptions about the value of audit committees for these elements of governance. It is also shown that most of the existing research has focused on factors associated with audit committee existence, characteristics and measures of activity and there is very little evidence on the processes associated with the operation of audit committees and the manner in which they influence organizational behaviour.It is clear that there is no automatic relationship between the adoption of audit committee structures or characteristics and the achievement of particular governance effects, and caution may be needed over expectations that greater codification around factors such as audit committee members' independence and expertise as the means of correcting past weaknesses in the arrangements for audit committees. The most fundamental question concerning what difference audit committees make in practice continues to be an important area for research development. For future research we suggest (i) greater consideration of the organizational and institutional contexts in which audit committees operate; (ii) explicit theorization of the processes associated with audit committee operation; (iii) complementing extant research methods with field studies; and (iv) investigation of unintended (behavioural) as well as expected consequences of audit committees.     

审计委员会有效性对审计意见影响的实证研究

审计委员会是公司治理的重要组成部分,其有效运作能够规范上市公司的经营活动,从而降低获得非标审计意见的可能。利用2006年上市公司的数据,实证结果发现审计委员会是否有效确实会影响到公司获得的审计意见,这提示我们要对上市公司的公司治理的运作状况给予足够的关注。     

One narrative or several? Politics,cultural elites,and citizens in constructing a ‘New Narrative for Europe’

ABSTRACT

European Union (EU) institutions have cultivated narratives of European integration for a long time. For its 2013–2014 ‘A New Narrative for Europe’ project, however, the European Commission for the first time explicitly used the ‘narrative’ label. Drawing on non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews and qualitative discourse analysis, this article contrasts the drafting process and the resulting declaration’s narrative structure and content with its discussion by citizens in a web-based consultation. The analysis shows that participating citizens forcefully demanded a bottom-up debate and advocated pluralistic perspectives. In these circumstances, elite-driven attempts at strengthening European identity and EU legitimacy are likely to be ineffective.     

法国人权保障机制的重要特色及其对中国的意义

本文试对宪法委员会作一些简单的介绍,进而分析法国的宪法委员会在保障人权方面所起的作用,及其对中国可能产生的积极影响。     

开发区法制困境与重构研究

分别从纵向发展的维度和横向管理体制形态对比的维度解剖我国的国家和省两级开发区,通过对有关开发区政策、法规以及规章文本的考察,找出我国开发区建设发展的具体形态和与之伴随的法制困境,并在此基础之上提出一些建议。     

台湾地区立法机关运作之研究--以常设委员会之组织结构、职权与功能分析为例

攸关台湾地区法律案、预算案、条约案以及其它相关的重要法案,皆需经"立法院"通过,而其中的常设委员会更扮演最重要的角色.本文尝试从立法学和政治学的综合视角出发,从学理和实务上分析台湾地区"立法院"常设委员会之运作概况及其缺失,并试图提出若干改进意见.     

监事会的本原性质、作用机理与中国上市公司治理创新

针对理论上对监事会制度去留的争论,按照企业本质→企业目标→公司治理机能→监事会的本原性质与作用机理→中国上市公司治理创新这一思路进行了探讨。研究认为,企业在本质上是融契约性与生产性为一体的一组契约联合网络,其目标是持续竞争优势的获取与维系。对此,要求公司治理承担着对等的两项机能——保健机能和激励机能。依此逻辑,监事会的本原性质是通过业务监督与财务监督活动的展开,为缔约者提供了一个减少缔约风险,增加缔约意愿的监督制衡机构的同时,又为以股东为首的利益相关者提供了一个参与机制。最后,指出中国上市公司治理创新也应该以引入符合本原性质的监事会作为突破口。