On The Face It: the cultural construction of gender in contemporary Australian society

In the past in Manus Province, Papua New Guinea, specialised practices, such as the construction of canoes or traditional slit-drums (garamuts), were the property of patrilineal descent groups. Today, processes of objectification of traditions have generated new cultural identifications and redefined the ways skills are perceived as resources and can be claimed as property. The present article traces contemporary developments of notions of tradition and culture in Manus and discusses these in the light of empirical material obtained in connection with the preparations for an ethnographic exhibition on Manus. The argument is that cultural practices classified as kastam are part of local interpretations of cultural differences in ways that seem contingent with precolonial ‘cultural totemism’ but, as knowledge, cultural practices can also be transacted.     

土地确权、要素偏向性技术变革与产业结构转型

本文在构建土地确权、偏向性技术变革与产业结构转型关系理论框架的基础上,利用2014年和2016年中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)数据集中的村庄和家庭层面数据,实证检验土地确权对产业结构转型的影响以及基于要素偏向性技术变革的传导机制。研究结果显示,土地确权有利于提升农业劳均产出、降低农业劳动密集度、增加农户非农劳动时间,从而促进产业结构转型。通过中介效应检验发现,体现为农业机械化的劳动增强型技术变革是土地确权影响产业结构转型的重要渠道。通过工具变量回归、PSM方法、替换被解释变量和增加控制变量识别验证,上述结论稳健可靠。此外,异质性分析表明,对于农业大省、非专业农户和未享受农业补贴农户,土地确权改革呈现出加速农业现代化和促进产业结构转型的双重政策红利。     

Policy Experiments,Democratic Ownership and Development Assistance

In an effort to enhance the impact of development aid, recipients are called on to provide democratically sustained ‘ownership’ for development policies, and donors to align their interventions with these ownership‐dictated strategies of their partners. This article illustrates the weaknesses of such an approach. From a political‐economy perspective, severe tensions exist between concepts of democratic ownership, on the one hand, and the experimental and iterative organisation of a society's encompassing interests in democratic settings, on the other. These tensions are even more pronounced in emerging democracies, making democratic ownership as a prerequisite for aid effectiveness an illusion, and provoking the re‐emergence of traditional donor‐recipient problems.     

Will More Purchasing Options Benefit Customers?

This paper considers the sale of a seasonal product in the face of strategic customers. At the beginning of the selling season, the retailer announces both the price p_h at which the product will be sold during the selling season and the post‐season clearance price p<p_h for unsold items. We analyze two operating regimes: The “no reservation regime” allows a buyer either to purchase the product at price p_h when he arrives or to enter a lottery to purchase at price p if the product remains unsold. The “reservation regime” offers each buyer one extra option than the no reservation regime: reserve the product for purchase at the clearance price p. If the buyer reserves the product under the reservation regime and if it remains unsold at the end of the selling season, then he is obligated to purchase it at price p. We consider a situation in which heterogeneous customers with probabilistic valuation arrive in accord with a Poisson process. We characterize the rational purchasing behavior wherein each arriving customer is strategic; each customer takes other customers' purchasing behavior into consideration. By considering the Nash equilibrium of this game, we show that strategic customer behavior can render the customer to be worse off and the retailer to be better off under the reservation regime, despite the fact that this regime offers one extra option (reservation) to a customer. Hence, more purchasing options do not necessarily benefit customers.     

最终控制人性质、两权分离度与机构投资者持股——兼论不同类型机构投资者的差异

上市公司所有权与控制权的严重分离会影响其公司价值,进而会影响投资者的投资决策.本文以2004-2007年我国A股上市公司为研究样本,考察了上市公司两权分离状况对机构投资者总体和各类机构投资者持股决策的影响.研究发现,最终控制人所有权比例越高,两权分离度越小时,机构投资者(主要是证券投资基金)持股比例越高;而且两权分离度指标对机构投资者持股决策的影响在最终控制人为非国有性质的企业中表现更为明显.本文的研究结论表明.我国机构投资者总体上能够做到自我利益保护,在投资者保护方面发挥积极的作用,但是这种作用的发挥在各个类型机构投资者中存在显著差异.     

民营上市公司控制类型、多元化经营与企业绩效

本文将2006年度民营上市公司分为直接上市和间接上市两种类型,考察了所有权与控制权分离程度、多元化经营与企业绩效之间的关系。发现间接上市民营公司所有权与控制权分离程度、多元化经营程度均显著高于直接上市民营公司。多元回归结果表明,直接上市民营公司最终控制人金字塔持股和多元化经营对企业绩效没有显著影响;而间接上市民营公司最终控制人所有权与控制权分离程度和多元化程度越高,企业绩效越低,说明代理问题在此类公司比较突出。所有权与控制权分离程度和多元化指标的交互关系也为此提供了进一步的证据。本文的贡献在于对民营上市公司进行了更为细致的分类,并从动机和行为两方面考察了其所导致的经济后果。研究增进了对我国民营上市公司的认识,对理解民营上市公司控制类型以及多元化经营也提供了新的视角。     

中国转型经济背景下个人—组织契合对员工离职意愿的影响——企业所有制形式与职位类型的调节作用

本文以华中及华南地区22家企业的1000名企业员工为调查对象,验证了中国转型经济背景下个人-组织契合对员工离职意愿的影响模型。文章运用SPSS11.5对收集的839份有效问卷进行层级回归及分组回归分析,结果显示:(1)在中国现实和文化背景下,个人-组织契合对员工离职意愿有显著的负向作用;(2)在国有、民营和外资企业中,个人-组织契合对员工离职意愿的影响存在显著差异;(3)个人-组织契合对企业中高层管理者以及一般员工离职意愿的影响也存在显著差异。     

所有权与控制权分离问题再探讨--兼论我国国有资产管理体制改革的相关问题

本文从伯利和米恩斯提出的两权分离的命题出发,探讨了所有权与控制权产生分离的原因、控制权的本质以及所有权与控制权的整合方式,并将其应用到我国国有资产管理体制改革的研究中,提出了相关的政策建议.     

依然未解的资本主义"钟罩之谜"--试析德·索托对布罗代尔难题的求解

德·索托提出通过建立正规所有权制度来破解资本主义钟罩之谜。但对布罗代尔的误读,对历史、文化、特定的经济情境等具体语境的漠视致使他的论断过于武断与片面。布罗代尔难题仍然未被破解开。     

马克思三大社会形态理论中的资本逻辑探析

在资本的逐利本性推动下,商业、奢侈、货币、交换价值得到了迅猛发展,进一步破坏了前资本主义那种在狭小的范围和孤立的地点进行的生产方式,以人的依赖关系为根本特征的社会形式被打破了。资本主义产权制度推动了资本主义的迅猛发展,资本主义产权制度把生产和收益结合起来,它是保护私人的、排他性的财产权,资本主义产权制度的确立使得大规模的雇佣劳动成为现实。雇佣劳动使得资产阶级能够持续不断地从无产阶级身上获取剩余价值,以物的依赖性为基础的社会形式得以确立。资本逻辑会把资本主义推向不可避免的深渊,由于私有财产在对自身的肯定同时,使得否定自身的致命因素--无产阶级得以产生,重建个人所有制能够化解私有财产和无产阶级之间不可化解的矛盾,从而确立基于社会财富基础之上的自由个性的社会形式。