The Wyatt Sex History Questionnaire

The complexities of developing appropriate formats for obtaining sexual histories that include women's consensual and coercive sexual experiences are discussed in this paper. The Wyatt Sex History Questionnaire (WSHQ), used with a multi-ethnic sample of women, is described to obtain incidents of non-consensual sexual abuse. The advantages of using a face-to-face format to obtain incidents of child sexual victimization are highlighted. In order to assess a range of effects of women's consensual sexual functioning, items of the WSHQ, administered in telephone and face-to-face interviews, through self report measures and indirect questioning using randomized responses, were compared for their effectiveness in obtaining consensual sexual experiences. The advantages of using face-to-face interview techniques with multi-ethnic community sample to assess the affects of non-consensual sexual experiences in childhood on women's consensual sexual practices is discussed.     

Psychological distress among women who were sexually abused as children

One of the aims of the study was to investigate how participants in self‐help groups (SHG) for women (n = 87) who had been sexually abused in childhood rated their mental health and to what extent they were at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A further aim was to investigate the relationship between the ratings of mental health, occurrence of PTSD, women's interpersonal relationships, reasons for participating in an SHG and characteristics of the childhood sexual abuse (CSA). The participants completed questionnaires regarding their personal relationships, reasons for joining a group, abuse characteristics, mental health (Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised) and PTSD (Impact of Event Scale‐Revised). The women showed poor mental health, and more than half of them were at risk of developing PTSD. Lack of social support and feelings of shame correlated with poor mental health, whereas guilt did not. Relationships with female friends had a positive association. Further research is needed to determine whether participating in an SHG could provide adequate social support and reduce feelings of shame, thereby contributing to the healing process in the aftermath of CSA. Key Practitioner Message: ? Child abuse is a significant component of the global burden of disease; ? Both social workers and public health care providers meet sexually abused girls and it is important that they have knowledge about the subject; ? An important clinical implication for adequate treatment would be to assess and recognise childhood sexual abuse and to link diagnosis to trauma.     

从社会学视角看灾后创伤应激障碍的干预策略

提高灾后幸存者的生活质量,促进社会适应已成为日益关注的问题.本文在探索创伤应激障碍症候群的反应特征的基础上,研究灾后创伤应激障碍相关的社会心理因素,并从社会学视角来探索灾后重建的途径与方法,为提高灾后应急管理能力提供理论及现实的依据.     

灾难受害者的心理与社会支持

灾害对人的影响是多方面的 ,除了可能导致的死亡和身体损伤外 ,对灾害的幸存者亦可能造成心理创伤 ,心理创伤超过一定的程度即出现创伤后应急障碍 ,简称PTSD。本文对PTSD的定义、诊断标准、发生率、发生时间、影响因素及预防等作了简要介绍     

EMDR在印度

2001年1月印度地震后,40名经过培训的EMDR治疗师援助了1600多人。儿童与成人均出现了PTSD的症状,但未发现人格解体症状。通过分析儿童的画可了解创伤对他们的影响,创伤越严重、丧失越多,个体的情绪就起伏越大,在那些较完整的较大的居民区,存在进一步被毁的威胁,在他们中间不安全感高于那些受破坏较大的地区。     

Is Partner Violence Worse in the Context of Control?

M. P. Johnson’s (1995) proposal that there are two qualitatively distinct types of intimate partner violence—intimate terrorism and situational couple violence—has been an influential explanation for disparate findings on sex symmetry in domestic violence. This study examines whether this typology increases our ability to explain variations in the negative outcomes of partner violence as compared with the use of a continuous measure of violence. This study also considers whether the use of control to differentiate between types of violence helps to explain the negative consequences of partner violence. The results, based on analyses of data on 4,575 married women from National Violence Against Women survey, indicate mixed support for Johnson’s argument for a qualitative distinction between IT and SCV.     

以PTSD为例探讨精神病人的刑事责任能力判断

中国对于刑事责任能力的判断采用先医学后法学双层次的方法;医学鉴定是法官判断精神病人刑事责任能力的基础。以PTSD为例。现行的精神病人刑事责任能力判断主要存在两大问题，一是法院和法官断案过于依赖鉴定，二是医学术语与法律术语衔接出现问题。为了达到“惩罚犯罪。保护人民”的目的，精神病人刑事责任能力的判断应该在医学标准和法学标准统一的基础上进行，同时也需要有关立法机构对相关条文、术语等进行修改或者由最高人民法院出台新的司法解释。     

Group Therapy for Survivors of Severe Childhood Abuse: Repairing the Social Contract

ABSTRACT

This article presents a model for conducting time-limited group therapy with adult survivors of severe childhood abuse who are diagnosed with complex post-traumatic and dissociative disorders. While difficult to engage in mixed groups, these clients can succeed in structured, homogeneous groups focused on responsible participation, social connection and symptom management. Group sessions are organized around verbal promises, “social contracts,” that encourage the client's active, attentive engagement. Gentle confrontation of dissociative defenses is integral to the success of each session. Group guidelines, the provision of structure, and common themes are explained, as are the group therapist's complicated countertransference responses to these clients.     

Causes and outcomes in studies of fear of childbirth: A systematic review

Problem

Fear of childbirth negatively affects women during pregnancy and after birth.

Child Sexual Abuse Allegations Amidst Divorce and Custody Proceedings

This study describes 18 cases of child sexual abuse allegations investigaled by the Boulder County (Colorado) Sexual Abuse Team which revolved around divorce and custody disputes. Determining whether such allegations are reliable or fictitious presents a challenge to caseworkers who are apt to find themselves caught up in the highly charged atmosphere of divorce and custody proceedings. Initially, only 5.6% of the cases investigated were believed to be founded by the sexual abuse evaluation team. After applying the clinical process of validation used at the Kernpe Center in Denver. Colorado, the cases were subject to further review and categorized as follows: reliable accounts; recantations; unsubstantiated suspicions; insufficienl information; fictitious reports by adults; and fictitious reports by children. Subsequent to applying this clinical Drocess of validation. the number of cases categorized as founded hcreased to 44.4%. Application of a systematic process of validation by clinicians is suggested in the determination of whether reports are likely to be vacd or fictitious. Tentative conclusions are drawn which acknowledge that the atmosphere surrounding divorce/ custody proceedings can affect objectivity by clinicians and which suggest adherence to a systematic clinical process of validation.