对宇宙基本元素的个性化想象 ——读鲁迅《死火》、《雪》、《腊叶》

《死火》不是从单一的"生命"的视角,而是从"生命"与"死亡"的双向视角去想象火。这几乎是独一无二的。鲁迅对生命存在本质的独特发现,明显地注入了自己的生命体验,可以说,这是一种"个性化"的想象与发现。《雪》确实是一个仅属于鲁迅的"新颖的形象",而且包含着他对宇宙基本元素的独特把握与想象。《腊叶》是最具鲁迅个人性的一个文本,他所感到的,是自我的生命与自然生命("木叶")的同构与融合。因死亡而证实了生命的意义;反过来死之绚斓正是出于生命的爱与美。———这同样属于鲁迅对生命本质的一个独特的发现。     

18世纪英国城镇改造述略

18世纪的英国社会 ,开始了由农业文明向工业文明转变的历史进程 ,经济领域各部门各行业的蓬勃发展 ,客观上既要求城市基础设施建设有相应的发展 ,又为这一发展准备了物质技术条件 ,于是城镇改造运动应运而生。持续一个世纪的城镇改造运动有效地改变了英国城镇的外观 ,美观大方的砖石建筑逐渐取代了木板建筑 ,城镇基础设施的建设、市容市貌的美化使各城镇走出了灰暗、狭小的中世纪 ,迎来了近代都市的曙光。伴随着健康、整洁、美丽的城镇出现 ,一个全新的市场吸引着更多的人才流入 ,变革了的城镇体系得以消化包容扩展了的商业活动 ,使得改造后的城镇框架更加牢固。令人赏心悦目的英格兰城镇形象深深地吸引了世人。这一场城镇改造运动也为 19世纪的城镇改造运动积累了丰富的经验。     

Ladders and lifting: How gender affects safety behaviors in the fire service

This research explores the degree to which gender affects safety behaviors and outcomes in the fire service. Semistructured focus groups and interviews were conducted based on findings from the literature on women and gender in the fire service. Four focus groups (N?=?22) and eight interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using NVivo 10 software. This methodology explored if female gender improves safety behaviors through (1) weighing the risks and benefits of dangerous situations, (2) focusing on biomechanics and technique, (3) asking for help, (4) being motivated to report injuries, (5) being heard by colleagues, and (6) illuminating a hostile work environment’s contribution to safety. Participants report that women have less of a “tough guy” attitude than their male colleagues and felt that deviating from the modernist American hyper-masculine norm may have a positive impact on their work practices and injury outcomes. If women in the fire service perceive risk differently than their male colleagues, perhaps strengthening efforts to recruit women and creating a culture that values their perspective will improve the occupation’s overall safety outcomes. Further research is necessary to quantify these gender differences and their relationship to safety outcomes.     

论《水与火的缠绵》中的女性意识

池莉的小说浸透着浓郁的女性意识,她以鲜明的女性意识观照和表现女性的生存本相。在其长篇小说《水与火的缠绵〉中,女主人公曾芒芒从叛逆到挣扎,从幼稚到成熟,收获着教训与经验,在其成长的历程中所体现出来的女性意识。正是新时期女性自我意识苏醒的象征,具有相当的代表性。     

Estimation of damage to human health due to forest burning in the Amazon

Forest burning stands as a highly used practice in the Brazilian Amazon Forest. Burning trees is the cheapest way to expand agricultural frontiers in the Amazon region. Nevertheless, the smoke generated in this process can produce undesirable negative effects, in particular health-induced problems by the polluted air. This study aims to investigate whether these effects on the health of the region’s population are statistically significant, using as variables mortality and morbidity rates associated with respiratory diseases. The estimated morbidity model was used to estimate the health damage to those people who became ill only by the fire.

苗族村落社区消防预警教育机制的文化诠释——以黔东南苗族“洗寨”习俗为例

作为黔东南苗族木质建筑村落这一特殊文化空间普遍共享的原生宗教仪式--“洗寨”是苗族先民对“火”心存敬畏的文化表达。同时,作为苗族村落社区的“重大事件”,“洗寨”仪式调用神圣与世俗的力量巧妙化解社区矛盾,强化着社区内部习惯法的公正与威严,让防“火殃”、敬“火神”以“社区指令”的形式潜入群体成员的意识中,进而实现对集体行动一致性的内化约束,降低社区消防风险,因而成了苗族村落精英借用传统的文化力量实现社区管理的策略与手段。     

论《雪国》中“雪”、“火”意象的深层意蕴

在《雪国》中,＂雪＂和＂火＂是两个重要的意象。＂雪＂、＂火＂与两位女主人公——叶子和驹子的性格、生存状况以及小说的主题都有着密切的联系。作者川端康成首先追寻了一个雪火共存的生存之境,随后发现雪火不容的现实困境,最后在雪中火事中对失落的理想和现实的困境进行拯救。雪火之境是川端康成这个天涯孤儿对生存的深刻体验。     

黎族的火神话传说

本文论述黎族火神话传说的相关问题。     

Wildfire Policy in Mediterranean France: How Far is it Efficient and Sustainable?

A new fire policy reinforcing aggressive fire suppression was established in Mediterranean France in response to the devastating wildfires of the 1990s, but to what extent this has changed fire activity yet remains poorly understood. For this purpose, we compared the number and location of ignitions and of burned areas between two 20‐year periods (1975–1994 vs. 1995–2014), in parallel to the changes in fuel covering, human activity promoting ignitions, and fire weather. The number of fires decreased almost continuously since 1975, but sharply after 1994, suggesting an effect of better fire prevention due to the new policy. But the major change in fire activity is a considerable reduction in fire size and burned areas after 1994, especially during summer and in the most fire‐prone places, in response to massive efforts put into fire suppression. These reductions have occurred while the covering by fuel biomass, the human pressure on ignition, and the fire weather index increased, thus making the study area more hazardous. Our results suggest that a strategy of aggressive fire suppression has great potential for counterbalancing the effects of climate changes and human activities and for controlling fire activity in the short term. However, we discuss whether such a suppression‐oriented approach is sustainable in the context of global changes, which cast new fire challenges as demonstrated by the devastative fires of 2003 and 2016. We advocate for a more comprehensive fire policy to come.     

从广州消防器材厂的现状看国有企业人力资源管理体制的改革

以国有企业广州消防器材厂为例,分析了国有企业人力资源管理中面临的难题及影响因素,提出了国有企业人力资源体制改革的对策。