从以色列撤离加沙看巴勒斯坦问题的解决前景

巴勒斯坦问题的最终解决将以建立独立的拥有永久边界的巴勒斯坦国而告终.至于在未来一段时间内是建立拥有临时边界和主权象征的巴勒斯坦国,还是建立独立的拥有永久边界的巴勒斯坦国则取决于巴以和谈的结果.以色列可能有条件地从它1967年第三次中东战争中所占领的约旦河西岸的大部分土地上撤走,在巴以谈判中以1949年停战线即“绿线”为基础,进行小幅度调整.     

前景堪忧的巴勒斯坦内部和解

2009年4月，巴勒斯坦两大主流派别法塔赫与哈马斯在开罗举行的和解谈判未取得任何重大进展。哈马斯拒绝承认巴民族权力机构主席阿巴斯指定内阁的合法性。在当前局势下，巴和解缺乏内部和外部动力，本文试就巴内部和解现状及其制约因素进行探讨，并就巴未来组成民族联合政府的前景作出预测。     

二战后初期美英苏在巴勒斯坦地区的争夺——美英苏对以色列建国问题的影响

巴以问题是当今的一个热点。通过介绍二战后初期美英苏对巴勒斯坦地区的争夺,对以色列建国问题的政策及影响,得出结论,即以色列国的建立是美英苏大国争夺的结果,阿犹两民族间的冲突被大国的战略利益所利用,大国应该对巴以冲突负相当大的责任。     

阿以冲突与罗斯福的世界蓝图

罗斯福的世界蓝图对战后的世界局势产生了重大而深远的影响 ,它是战后世界总体格局的蓝本 ,同时它也给一些地区性问题 (如巴勒斯坦问题 )的产生、发展和走向制定了一个框架 (或曰游戏规则 )。通过分析罗斯福蓝图的中东部分 ,回顾战后阿以冲突的产生、发展 ,指出了罗斯福的构想对阿以冲突的演变产生的一些影响     

Critical junctures and transformative events in diaspora mobilisation for Kosovo and Palestinian statehood

ABSTRACT

Scholarship on conflict-generated diasporas has identified the need to consider diaspora mobilisations in multiple contexts and how they are affected by local and global processes. I argue that diasporas react with mobilisations to global events that take place not only in host-states and home-states but also in other locations to which diasporas are transnationally linked. I illustrate the theoretical concepts with empirical discussion about global diaspora activism for Kosovo and Palestinian statehood. Two categories of global events, critical junctures, and transformative events, can be distinguished, with effects on diaspora mobilisation depending on the sociospatial context in which diasporas are embedded. Critical junctures can transform international and state structures and institutions, and change the position of a strategic centre from ‘outside’ to ‘inside’ a homeland territory and vice versa. Transformative events are less powerful and can change diaspora mobilisation trajectories. In contexts where diasporas have relatively strong positionality vis-à-vis other actors in a transnational social field, diaspora mobilisation is more likely to be sustained in response to critical junctures and transformative events.     

Written In Blood

Though the heated scientific debate that sociobiology initially generated has largely subsided, speculation on the genetic basis of social behaviors remains a thriving academic discipline and provides valuable content that can be easily translated into compelling newspaper articles, popular magazines, and self-help mass market paperbacks. In Cosmopolitan magazine, statements reflecting the genetic gender-determinism of sociobiology appear in offhand remarks, personal anecdotes, and in lengthy quotations attributed to experts with PhDs. My textual analysis of this sociobiological common sense in Cosmopolitan articles from 1995–2005 represents an in-depth case study of the migration of gender-related science to a popular culture venue for women. I examine the sociobiological theory that norms of female attractiveness advertise reproductive capacity, drawing connections between scholarly works, popular self-help literature, and Cosmopolitan articles. The magazine invokes sociobiological logic to explain and legitimate the laborious techniques of femininity, positioning the female body as a commodity in the marketplace of evolved male desire and reducing it to the signs—real or cosmetically simulated—that reveal the body's underlying reproductive value. I also investigate how Cosmopolitan uses sociobiological common sense about men to construct, exaggerate, and excuse their bad behavior, requiring women to solve or tolerate it. Sociobiology responds to gender inequalities by offering a seemingly rational scientific model asserting that existing gender norms and differences are natural and inevitable.     

THE BRIDLED BRIDE OF PALESTINE: ORIENTALISM,ZIONISM, AND THE TROUBLED URBAN IMAGINATION

Through ethnographic and archival research centered in Jaffa, this article analyzes how the image of the Jewish-Arab mixed city has been represented and (re)produced in the Zionist historical imagination since the establishment of the state of Israel to the present. Vacillating between romantic historicity and political violence, the image of Jaffa poses a political and hermeneutic challenge to the territorial project of urban Judaization, which ultimately failed to define and establish the national-cum-cultural identity of this “New-Old” city. This failure, I argue, results in a persistent pattern of semiotic ambivalence which, from the Jewish-Israeli point of view, positions Jaffa both as a source of identity and longing (in the distant past) as well as a symbol of alterity and enmity (in the recent past)— an object of desire and fear alike. As such, Jaffa and other ethnically mixed towns (including Ramle, Lydda, Haifa, and Acre) occupy a problematic place in Israeli and Palestinian political and cultural imagination. A bi-national borderland in which Arabs and Jews live de facto together, these cities bring to the fore, on the one hand, the paradox of Palestinian citizens in a fundamentally Jewish state, while simultaneously suggesting, by the very spatial and social realization of “mixed-ness,” the potential imaginary of its solution. Unfolding through four distinct historical modalities of urban Orientalism, this article historicizes the highly politicized image of the Jewish-Arab city and the discourse on its future. These discursive formations reconfigured the public space that enabled, paradoxically since the October 2000 events, new political claims for equal citizenship, bi-national cooperation, and Palestinian presence.     

Bringing Exile Home: Review of Ned Curthoys and Debjani Ganguly (eds) Edward Said: The Legacy of a Public Intellectual

This recent collection of essays pays tribute to Edward Said, but is no hagiography. It explores the salience of concepts such as the public intellectual, exile and worldliness in his life and work. It considers the strengths and the limits of his vision, his passion for European high culture and classical music and his relative disinterest in popular culture and visual and electronic communication. It connects settler colonialism in Palestine and the US with Australia (where most of the contributors are located), while unsettling notions of ‘exile’ and ‘home’.     

战后初期英国在巴勒斯坦问题上的政策选择及其得失

第二次世界大战后英国从巴勒斯坦撤出,是大英帝国由盛转衰的一个缩影。面对犹太人的暴力抗争和美国的不合作,英国在巴勒斯坦的阿拉伯人和犹太人双方达成协议无望的情况下,把巴勒斯坦问题提交联合国,最后在中立的名义下从巴勒斯坦全身而退。本文通过对英国撤出巴勒斯坦过程的剖析,认为英国在这个问题上的政策选择是现实主义的,是在被动中争取尽可能多的主动。英国撤出后巴勒斯坦地区的冲突原因是多方面的,过多地指责英国有失公允,美国和联合国也有不可推卸的责任。