专利制度与高校科技成果转化

高校科技成果转化是联系适用技术与生产实践的中间环节。加速科技成果转化是发展社会生产力、实现经济快速增长的必由之路。专利作为知识产权的一个重要组成部分 ,在我国科技创新与进步中的地位越来越突出 ,并且也能在高校科技成果转化中发挥更大的促进作用。然而 ,科技成果转化率低和专利申请量少是我国高校所面临的两大难题 ,也是我国高校必须解决的两个十分重要的战略性问题     

新形势下高校财务管理之我见

随着我国科教兴国战略的实施,教育越来越受重视,高校办学规模不断扩大,教育经费逐年增加。如何拓宽高校融资渠道,缓解高校发展经费不足,提高经费使用效益、减少浪费和损失,已成为当前高等学校必须解决的问题。在新形势下,我国高校应在科学发展观的理论指导下,进一步改革和探索高校财务管理工作的新思路,切实加强财务管理,不断提高财务管理水平,以适应时代发展需求。     

关于高校专利申请存在的问题及对策研究

在大力保护知识产权的今天,专利是国家体系中的重要组成部分;目前我国高等院校的专利申请增长强劲。但是,高校还存在重成果轻专利、专利保护力度不够等许多问题,与成果转化差距较大。应加强我国高校专利申请科技创新环境和科技基础条件平台的建设,整合现有科技资源,把专利工作与科技管理工作有机结合起来,建立以知识产权管理为主导的科技管理新体制,并利用竞争和激励机制,调动科技人员的积极性,提高科技成果转化工作的成效。     

供应链金融模式研究

针对金融危机背景下的供应链金融(Supply Chain Finance,SCF)研究缺乏具体分析模式的问题。在辨析SCF与传统物流金融异同的基础上,论证SCF的动态演变过程,给出SCF的定义并分析模式机理,进而建立供应链金融模式分析框架,提出SCF模式风险控制方法。研究结论可帮助企业增强利用外部资金的能力。     

基于跳跃扩散模型的中国股市和期市风险关联研究

采用2006—2007年我国股市大盘股和股指期货标的指数的高频价格数据,建立了基于跳跃扩散的股票市场和股指期货市场的事件风险模型,分析了我国股票市场和股指期货市场的风险溢出效应。我国大盘股和作为股指期货标的的沪深300指数既存在同时的跳跃溢出效应,也存在我国大盘股领先沪深300指数5分钟的跳跃溢出效应,表明我国股市和期市存在极强的风险关联性,进一步为我国股市和期市跨市场监管的机制设计奠定了基础。     

Learning from mistakes: What do inconsistent choices over risk tell us?

We implement a risk experiment that allows for judgment errors to investigate who makes mistakes and whether it matters. The experiments are conducted with a random sample of the adult population in Rwanda, and data on financial decisions are collected. We find a high proportion of inconsistent choices, with over 50% of the participants making at least one mistake. Importantly, errors are informative. While risk aversion alone does not explain financial decisions, risk aversion and inconsistent choices interact in significant and sensible ways. As we would expect, risk-averse individuals are more likely to belong to a savings group and less likely to take out an informal loan. For those more likely to make mistakes, however, as they become more risk averse, they are less likely to belong to a savings group and more likely to take up informal credit, suggesting that mistakes correlate with less than optimal behavior.

Risk, complexity, and deviations from expected-value maximization: Results of a lottery choice experiment

Varying several parameters of single-stage lottery choice tasks we investigate the question which features of a decision task lead subjects to deviate from maximizing expected monetary value (EV). Despite small differences in EV between the two lotteries in the choice sets, the subjects on average chose the lottery with the higher EV in every task. Risk avoidance occurs, but not consistently over all tasks. Further results are that subjects prefer less complex lotteries over more complex ones, and that risk matters the more the less complex the decision task is.     

Adverse Health Experiences,Environmental Attitudes,and Pesticide Usage Behavior of Farm Operators

Water pollution from agricultural pesticides continues to be a public concern. Given that the use of such pesticides on the farm is largely governed by voluntary behavior, it is important to understand what drives farmer behavior. Health belief models in public health and social psychology argue that persons who have adverse health experiences are likely to undertake preventive behavior. An analogous hypothesis set was tested here: farmers who believe they have had adverse health experiences from pesticides are likely to have heightened concerns about pesticides and are more likely to take greater precautions in dealing with pesticides. This work is based on an original survey of a population of 2700 corn and soybean growers in Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania using the U.S. Department of Agriculture data base. It was designed as a mail survey with telephone follow-up, and resulted in a 60 percent response rate. Farm operators report experiencing adverse health problems they believe are associated with pesticides that is equivalent to an incidence rate that is higher than the reported incidence of occupational pesticide poisonings, but similar to the reported incidence of all pesticide poisonings. Farmers who report experiencing such problems have more heightened concerns about water pollution from fertilizers and pesticides, and illness and injury from mixing, loading, and applying pesticides than farmers who have not experienced such problems. Farmers who report experiencing such problems also are more likely to report using alternative pest management practices than farmers who do not report having such problems. This implies that farmers who have had such experiences do care about the effects of application and do engage in alternative means of pest management, which at least involve the reduction in pesticide use.     

Risk Management in Public–Private Partnership Contracts

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) allow private companies to build, own and operate public projects such as schools and hospitals on behalf of the public sector. PPP contracts commonly require the private agent to take responsibilities for the performance of the asset over a long term, at least for a significant part of its useful life, so that efficiencies arising from long-term investment and asset management can be realized. However, the evidence is finely balanced on the effectiveness of such initiatives in obtaining the intended goals. This brings to the fore the challenge of designing and implementing innovative partnership plans to manage public services more effectively. More emphasis needs to be placed on strategies for the transfer of risk for the successful conclusion of PPP contracts.

Cancer premiums and latency effects: A risk tradeoff approach for valuing reductions in fatal cancer risks

Many studies estimate individuals’ values for avoiding fatality risks; however, most value-of-statistical-life studies focus on accident-related deaths. Consequently, little is known about preferences for avoiding other fatal risks, such as cancer. Cancer may engender strong feelings of dread, leading to a “cancer premium,” but cancer latency periods may have the opposite effect. Using a national survey, we elicit relative preferences for avoiding fatal cancer and auto-accident risks. We find strong preferences for avoiding cancer risks. With a 5-year latency, they are valued roughly three times greater than immediate accident risks, declining to 50% greater for a 25-year latency.