论保罗·奥斯特创作的影响因素

保罗·奥斯特(1947-)是美国当代最著名的犹太作家之一,其独特的创作风格吸引了国内外众多学者和评论家的注意,而这一风格的形成与其人生经历密不可分.笔者择要从犹太传统文化的熏陶和法国空间理论的作用两个方面,解析了影响奥斯特创作的因素.     

Game theory,cheap talk and post‐truth politics: David Lewis vs. John Searle on reasons for truth‐telling

I offer two potential diagnoses of the behavioral norms governing post‐truth politics by comparing the view of language, communication, and truth‐telling put forward by David Lewis (extended by game theorists), and John Searle. My first goal is to specify the different ways in which Lewis, and game theorists more generally, in contrast to Searle (in the company of Paul Grice and Jürgen Habermas), go about explaining the normativity of truthfulness within a linguistic community. The main difference is that for Lewis and game theorists, “truthful” signaling follows from an alignment of interests, and deception follows from mixed motives leading to the calculation that sending false information is better for oneself. Following in the Enlightenment tradition, Searle argues that practical reasoning, which involves mastery of at least one language, requires that actors intend to communicate. This intention includes constraining the content of statements to uphold veracity conditions. After distinguishing between these two accounts, I will articulate the implications for explaining, and even informing actions, constitutive of post‐truth politics. I argue that the strategic view of communication is sufficient neither to model everyday conversation nor to reflect a public sphere useful for democratic government. Both the pedagogy of strategic communication as cheap talk, and its concordance with new digital information technologies, challenge norms of truthfulness that underlie modern institutions essential to an effective public sphere.     

Political participation: A comparative view of Israeli and American youth

This study explored the ways in which adolescents in Israel and the United States perceived government, politics, and public affairs. A series of open-ended interviews were conducted with approximately 300 high school students in each country immediately prior to the national elections in 1980–1981. Differences were found in regard to the extent to which the young people felt affected by and capable of affecting the larger political system, the extent to which voting was viewed as an important rite of passage to adulthood, and the extent to which they perceived having real choices in candidates and parties, with Israeli youth generally demonstrating more engagement in national governmental affairs. Finally, the conditions and factors that were likely to lead adolescents toward concern, interest, and participation in public affairs were offered.     

Operations Risk Management: Overview of Paul Kleindorfer's Contributions

This paper reviews Paul Kleindorfer's contributions to Operations Management (OM), with a special focus on his research on risk management. An annotated bibliography of selected other contributions reviews the breadth of topics that have occupied Kleindorfer's research attention over his now 45 + years of research. These include optimal control theory, scheduling theory, decision sciences, investment planning and peak load pricing, plus a number of important applications in network industries and insurance. In the area of operations risk management, we review recent work that Kleindorfer and his colleagues in the Wharton Risk Center have undertaken on environmental management and operations, focusing on process safety and environmental risks in the chemical industry. This work is directly related to Kleindorfer's work in the broader area of “sustainable operations”, which he, Kal Singhal and Luk Van Wassenhove recently surveyed as part of the new initiative at POMS to encompass sustainable management practices within the POMS community. Continuing in the area of supply chain risks, the paper reviews Kleindorfer's contributions to the development of an integrated framework for contracting and risk hedging for supply management. The emphasis on alignment of pricing, performance and risk management in this framework is presaged in the work undertaken by Kleindorfer and his co‐authors in the 1980s on after‐sales support services for high‐technology products. This work on supply chain risk, and its successors, is reviewed here in light of its growing importance in managing the unbundled and global supply chains characteristic of the new economy.     

谈格赖斯合作原则的有意违反及会话隐含

根据格赖斯会话合作原则,文章在探讨日常交际中的有意违反和特殊会话含义的产生及对会话理解做出正确推断所具备的基本条件的基础上,提出在日常交际中听话者应越过对方话语的字面意义,去努力领会说话人话语的隐含意义,即会话隐合,不断提高语用能力。     

A Quiet Catharsis of Comprehension: A Poetic for Paul

Paul Rock is a leading UK interactionist, author of The Making of Symbolic Interactionism and a number of ethnographies on the UK criminal justice system. He was professor of sociology at the London School of Economics until his retirement in July 2008. At his retirement, Ken Plummer presented the following poem to him. The words are largely those of Paul himself, along with a few of his older intellectual companions (meaning mainly Dewey, James, and Mead). Thus this poetic is Paul's words reconstructed and reflected back to him.     

身历其境:清末民初中国城市与欧洲文学想象(克劳代尔篇)

清末民初,一些欧洲文学家来到中国.他们能透过现象追寻中华文化的本质,向往着历史文化积淀的超越意义.更重要的是,作为文学家,他们汲取身历其境的实存经验,写出个人独到而深刻的生活体会,探索异文化给自己带来的心灵冲击,思考文化环境与文学想象的关系,创作出重要的文学作品,影响了后世.这些欧洲作家书写中国经验的过程,涉及了不同文化的交叉渗透.通过作者书写的主观努力,以及本人不能完全意识到的多重文化场域的影响,创作出涉及特定历史真实的艺术想象记录.这样的记录,虽然不能作为完全客观的史料来理解,但也不是天马行空式的文学艺术想象.本文以克劳代尔为例,探讨欧洲文学家亲身观察之细密,以及观察后所创作的文化想象,再与当时中国人自己的地方志和风土历史记录对照,希望可以对清末民初的城市印象及其可提供的文化想象空间,提出一点新的观照方式.     

西方语言中porcelain(瓷器)的跨文化语源研究

西方各国 porcelain的拼写大同小异,学界普遍认同著名汉学家伯希和的研究 :porcelain的 语源与汉语无关,它源于法语 porcelaine(子安贝),而后者又源于拉丁词 porcellana(子安贝),该拉丁词又 由 porcus(猪)及 pucelage(处女状态)派生。但跨文化研究表明,porcelain是汉语“波斯蓝”的对音,得名源 于中国古代制瓷所用从伊朗进口的色料。历史上,西方人先认识瓷器,后认识子安贝。因而,在西方语言 中,该词先有“瓷器”义,然后再分两个方向演变 :一从外貌、形状的角度,衍生出“子安贝”、“贝壳”、“货 币”、“牙齿”等含义 ;另一从颜色(“青花”)的角度,产生“马齿苋”等词汇。这一研究成果还证实,至少在元 代,我国制瓷用的上等色料确实来自伊朗。     

‘Footnotes to Miller and Moore’: Monomyth and Transnationality in the 1986 Superhero Comics

Abstract

New developments in comics studies have begun to consider the superhero comic as a transnational, rather than American, phenomenon. This approach offers a new way of thinking about the typical story that Frank Miller’s The Dark Knight Returns and Alan Moore’s Watchmen jointly upended the comics world in 1986. While there is robust criticism to challenge the idea that 1986 was a miraculous year for comics, the continuing attention drawn by the two works requires us to think further about their apparent similarity. This article proposes the importance of a narrative of American exceptionalism within comics culture as a defining feature of the contemporary context for the production of the works. It then examines their responses to this context, arguing that they undermine the American monomyth of the superhero in different ways that originate in the different national positions of the two writers.     

杜威、孟禄的中国之行与东南大学

杜威、孟禄的中国之行 ,与东南大学 (南京高等师范学校 )结缘至为深远。东南大学不仅积极参与邀请杜威、孟禄访华 ,而且也是杜威、孟禄在华活动的重要基地 ,东南大学能成为近代教育研究的学术重镇 ,很大程度上得益于他们的言行。