常系数线性微分方程初值问题的算子解法

以算子作工具,给出了常系数线性微分方程(组)初值问题的一种解法.     

A corrected likelihood method for the proportional hazards model with covariates subject to measurement error

There has been extensive interest in discussing inference methods for survival data when some covariates are subject to measurement error. It is known that standard inferential procedures produce biased estimation if measurement error is not taken into account. With the Cox proportional hazards model a number of methods have been proposed to correct bias induced by measurement error, where the attention centers on utilizing the partial likelihood function. It is also of interest to understand the impact on estimation of the baseline hazard function in settings with mismeasured covariates. In this paper we employ a weakly parametric form for the baseline hazard function and propose simple unbiased estimating functions for estimation of parameters. The proposed method is easy to implement and it reveals the connection between the naive method ignoring measurement error and the corrected method with measurement error accounted for. Simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the performance of the estimators as well as the impact of ignoring measurement error in covariates. As an illustration we apply the proposed methods to analyze a data set arising from the Busselton Health Study [Knuiman, M.W., Cullent, K.J., Bulsara, M.K., Welborn, T.A., Hobbs, M.S.T., 1994. Mortality trends, 1965 to 1989, in Busselton, the site of repeated health surveys and interventions. Austral. J. Public Health 18, 129–135].     

新经济现象的成因与供需理论替代初论——兼论货币与物价的真实关系

作为现代经济学的基础的供需平衡理论并不是无懈可击的。它将物价归咎于货币,扭曲经济信号,偷换概念,误导政府行为,阻碍经济的发展,引发经济危机。李世福先生提出的新供需理论认为,物价、产量是以物的效用为基础的,货币只是使真实物价得到实现的外部原因。货币发行如果为劳动者的充分就业、增加劳动收入服务,经济增长、充分就业、物价稳定都会得到实现,这时候的社会经济发展曲线不再是供给曲线与需求曲线的交叉,而是供需完全重合的没有终点的永恒发展的曲线,这有些像马克思所设想的共产主义社会,但其核心内容是货币制度。     

Likelihood-based estimation for Gaussian MRFs

Markov random fields (MRFs) express spatial dependence through conditional distributions, although their stochastic behavior is defined by their joint distribution. These joint distributions are typically difficult to obtain in closed form, the problem being a normalizing constant that is a function of unknown parameters. The Gaussian MRF (or conditional autoregressive model) is one case where the normalizing constant is available in closed form; however, when sample sizes are moderate to large (thousands to tens of thousands), and beyond, its computation can be problematic. Because the conditional autoregressive (CAR) model is often used for spatial-data modeling, we develop likelihood-inference methodology for this model in situations where the sample size is too large for its normalizing constant to be computed directly. In particular, we use simulation methodology to obtain maximum likelihood estimators of mean, variance, and spatial-depencence parameters (including their asymptotic variances and covariances) of CAR models.     

钢轨砂带磨削中的力特性分析

本文对钢轨砂带磨机中出现的“重磨”、“轻磨”、抱带、断带等问题进行了分析研究，并提出了解决上述问题的可行性方法。     

普朗克与马赫之间的哲学论战

客观实在论是普朗克主要哲学思想之一,它和实证主义的基本观点水火不相容,反驳实证主义是普朗克哲学活动的突出特征.青年时代的普朗克曾深受马赫哲学的影响,而在研究黑体辐射和提出能量子假说的过程中,他逐渐摆脱实证主义尤其是马赫哲学的羁绊.普朗克和马赫之间的论战的焦点是:是否存在实在的外界;物理规律是否具有客观性;物理学统一的基础是什么;原子是否具有实在性;经济思维原则是否是科学的最高目标和科学探索的最有效方法等等.这场论战是科学史和哲学史上发人深思,让人震撼的思想交锋,是实在论与实证论之间最著名最有影响的争论之一.     

常系数齐次线性微分方程组初值问题的求解公式及其应用

给出了常系数齐次线性微分方程组初值问题的一个求解公式 ,并由此推出常系数齐次线性差分方程组在给定的初始条件下的一个求解公式 .     

Approximating the Conway–Maxwell–Poisson distribution normalization constant

By adding a second parameter, Conway and Maxwell created a new distribution for situations where data deviate from the standard Poisson distribution. This new distribution contains a normalization constant expressed as an infinite sum whose summation has no known closed-form expression. Shmueli et al. produced an approximation for this sum but proved that it was valid only for integer values of the second parameter, although they conjectured it was also valid for non-integers. Here we prove their conjecture to be true and discuss for what range of parameters the approximation can be accurately applied.     

恒压供水中水泵调速控制的节能分析

阐述了水泵调速控制的节能原理,首先介绍了水泵的节流调节控制流量的方法,然后分析了水泵的转速与各种性能参数的关系,进而研究水泵的调速调节控制流量的方法,将两种控制流量的方法作了对比,分析了调速调节比节流调节节能的原因,最后简要的介绍了变频调速恒压供水系统。     

走马楼吴简所见佃田制度考略

考察了三国时期孙吴的官田租佃制度,着重探讨了"二年常限田"的含义以及官田与私田的关系,并分析了嘉禾四年与嘉禾五年租税不同之原因.