Revisiting histories of anti-racist thought and activism

ABSTRACT

This piece reconsiders histories of anti-racist thought and practice, including the linkages between anti-racisms and other traditions of liberatory thought. We argue that anti-racism should be understood as a strand in radical thought linking internationalism, institutional critique and street activism, in the process interfeeding with other social movements. The traditions of anti-racist thought discussed in this special issue exemplify these cross-cutting influences.     

Elephant empire: zoos and colonial encounters in Eastern Europe

ABSTRACT

Whereas zoological gardens and animal collections in North America and Western Europe are well researched from historical, philosophical, and cultural perspectives, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the history and legacy of these modernizing institutions in Eastern Europe. To bridge this gap in scholarship, I investigate the traffic in exotic animals to this region with a focus on a particular species. Historically, elephants have been considered prime symbols of the power and triumph of the colonial empire, and were thus often the jewels of colonial animal collections across Europe. In this article, I explore how the colonial origin of elephants as both big game and charismatic megafauna translates into a geopolitical context without direct overseas colonies, in order to trace the material links between species, race, transnational commodity networks, and structures of identity formation. Based on archival and bibliographic research focused on the Poznań Zoo in years 1871–1945, this article offers a critical analysis of the role of elephant performance in zoos, circuses, and travelling shows in mediating and mobilizing imperial longings. From this vantage point I suggest that studying public zoos in Eastern Europe offers a unique insight into a physical presence of colonial imperialism (via traffic in exotic species) in an area without overseas colonies, through a site where modernist models of citizenship, nationhood, and Europeanness are forged at the interface between science, education, and transnational politics. Given that zoos were crucial for the development of the biological perspective in the West, I posit a reconfiguration of zoos as ‘contact zones’ and primary sites for colonial encounter within the empire from a semi-peripheral perspective.     

阅读的心理分析

阅读是人们必不可少的一项活动，是了解信息、掌握知识的重要手段之一。本通过对阅读心理研究历史的回顾和评价，运用心理学、语言学的理论对阅读的心理活动过程做以分析阐述，提出了阅读心理“五过程”，即阅读意图的确立、识码、解码、编码、后联想过程。旨在探讨阅读过程的全面、综合的性质和特点，从而使阅读更具实效性。     

明代哈密忠义王小考

明代在其统治前期曾经一度控制哈密地区,并设立哈密卫。在此期间,明朝政府先后共正式封立了11位哈密王,但却出现了“忠顺王”和“忠义王”两种封号,文章探讨了两王更替、并立之情况及原因。     

高校90后大学生感恩意识缺失探因及对策

感恩意识是人性的基本品质,加强感恩教育是高校德育的重要组成部分。90后大学生感恩意识缺失不是单方面的原因,应该是家庭、学校、社会、个人等方面不良综合因素形成。＂解铃还需系铃人＂,加强当代大学生感恩教育、培养其感恩意识和形成感恩习惯则需要家庭、学校、社会、个人共同努力,其中,家庭教育是基础,学校教育是主体,社会环境是保障。     

‘That unit of civilisation’ and ‘the talent peculiar to women’: British employers and their servants in the nineteenth-century Indian empire

Domestic servants across the British Empire were instrumental in constructing colonial domesticity. In metropole and colony, they marked the physical boundaries of the house and family and the categorical boundaries of class, gender and racial difference. However, in colonial India, the gender and racial status of Indian servants, relative to both their colonial employers and their metropolitan counterparts, disrupted the dynamics of dependence that structured metropolitan employer/servant relations and identities. Despite efforts to dutifully ‘civilise’ households according to a ‘British’ standard, the day-to-day reality was one in which ambivalence and uncertainty towards servants were commonplace among colonisers and where servants participated in the creation of a way of life that was specifically colonial, even while it sought to preserve and proselytise ‘Britishness’.     

西方后现代建筑对现代建筑的修正与超越

20世纪60年代,后现代建筑在社会大众对现代建筑的种种质疑中诞生了.它不受任何法则束缚,主要表现为多元与折衷,在建筑文化上既反映了新技术的时代性,又表现了大众化、历史化、地方化的特性.后现代主义注意建筑的文化与传统,积极地拓展现代建筑中未包容的文化内涵.后现代建筑在现代建筑的基础上对现代建筑所提倡的建筑设计理论和设计方法进行了修正与超越,从而使建筑的发展又走向了一个新时代.     

Paying the toll: a feminist post‐structural critique of the discourse bridging work and family

On the surface, the modern workplace and home life appear to stand in sharp contrast to one another. The workplace seems to epitomize the modern concern with bounded time and the necessity of effective ‘use time’ (e.g., efficiency, effort, organizational commitment, speed‐up). Home life, on the other hand, is characterized by idealized images of emotionality and relief from the pressures of work. Yet numerous reported experiences of working people seem to belie this supposed duality. For many, home life is experienced as an appendage of the workplace, with its demands on time‐effort balance. Nonetheless, we continue to act as if there are two separate spheres of life that can ultimately be balanced and reconciled. This has been reinforced over the years by a growing discourse of work‐family conflict. Deconstruction of the discourse suggests that far from unraveling the ‘problem’ its characterization as a ‘work‐family’ conflict serves to privilege the dominant themes of use‐time and speed.     

Sensing Through White Gloves: On Congolese Objects in Swedish Sceneries

ABSTRACT

The article discusses collectibles acquired by Swedish missionaries and military officers active within the ill-reputed Congo Free State (1885–1908). Objects are approached here not primarily as tokens of Congolese material culture but as traces of a transnational cultural history and as points of entry to a critical museology. Drawing on case studies of collections I discuss the ways in which artifacts have been selected, joined and charged with new functions and meanings on their voyage between hands, narratives and genres.

In focus are five examples of objects that, analytically, have worked as what Roland Barthes (1980) calls punctum: the detail that disturbs and fascinates by force of seeming ungrammatical in relation to the larger context of which it forms part. By adding material to the Barthian concept I want to stress that such analytical impulses may be evoked by all senses. During an inventory of Swedish Congolese collections, when the historical state of stored museum items as untouchables could temporarily be broken, their multisensory material presences proved able to challenge textual discourses, serve as alternative witnesses and demonstrate hidden significances of ethnographical museums and collections.     

租借法延期援助的政策动机及其后果

美国对华租借法延期援助的主要政策动机是帮助国民政府重建华北地区力量平衡,迫使国共双方通过谈判解决政治争端,建立一个统一的民主的国家。不料,国民政府自恃军力强大,误以为中共军队不堪一击,遂贸然挑起全国内战。租借法延期援助积聚的能量最终失控,彻底摧毁了预定的政策目标,导致杜鲁门总统对华政策彻底失败。