“国培计划”培训团队建设政策的反思与改进--基于政策工具与政策要素的二维分析

培训团队建设是实施“国培计划”的基础工程,是保证“国培计划”实施质量的关键所在。“国培计划”培训团队建设政策是引领“国培计划”培训团队建设实践的重要依据。以2010-2019年“国培计划”培训团队建设政策文本为研究对象,基于政策工具与政策要素的二维分析框架展开研究。研究发现,“国培计划”培训团队建设政策经历了“建章立制”(2010-2012年)、“稳步发展”(2013-2014年)、“精准推进”(2015-2019年)三个阶段,呈现出政策工具差异化、团队成员多元化、运行机制精准化等特征,同时也暴露出政策工具运用失衡、团队建设目标不清晰、相关政策难以有效落地等问题。因此,“国培计划”培训团队建设要注重优化政策工具结构、明确团队建设目标、坚持因地因时制宜,进一步提升政策的长效性、持续性和精准性。     

扶贫典型人物事迹电影改编策略探析 ——以黄诗燕为例

国家精准扶贫战略实施过程中涌现了一大批扶贫攻坚的模范人物,黄诗燕就是其中的典型和代表,将其优秀事迹改编成主旋律电影,既能凸显典型人物的榜样作用,又能向世界展现脱贫攻坚的中国经验。黄诗燕事迹的电影改编,其主题表达,要以讲好中国故事为核心,在展示其感人的扶贫事迹同时,向世界传播中国扶贫经验;其人物塑造,要以还原真实、塑造典型为原则,彰显黄诗燕的榜样形象;其剧情设置,应突破传统主旋律电影模式化的叙事手段,以点带面,虚实共构;其影像画面,应利用现实主义手法,通过在地性的空间变化和符号化的典型意象,向世界输出中国影像。如此,电影改编才能产生其应有的社会价值和观影效果。     

房价上涨对我国人口出生率的影响——基于省级面板数据的实证分析

人口数量和结构是影响我国可持续发展的关键因素,住房是人民群众安居乐业的刚需。近年来,我国人口出生率持续下降。为了实现经济高质量发展,缓解人口危机是当前亟待解决的重要问题。为了探究房价上涨对于我国人口出生率的影响,利用31个省级行政区2010—2019年的面板数据和加权最小二乘法进行实证分析,结果表明：房价上涨对人口出生率产生显著的负向影响,住房价格平均上涨1%将导致人口出生率下降0.13%~0.22%;房价上涨对人口出生率的影响在东部省份以挤出效应为主、在中西部省份是以财富效应为主。当前,通过遏制住房投资投机性需求、给予“刚需”人群购房贷款优惠、适量增加东部省份土地供给等手段,可以助力解决我国当前的人口问题。     

脱贫成效精准:脱贫户获得感测度及其影响因素

从脱贫户获得感维度检验中国脱贫的实践效应。通过对广东省48 村1 518 已脱贫农户的调查研究,发现其家庭人均年收入持续增长且比已知脱贫收入线显著偏高,产业扶贫对收入增长的作用显著;脱贫户基于家庭劳动力人数、老人数和学生子女数等客观需求,多数自觉获得了体现客观机会获得的脱贫政策福利;脱贫户拥有较高的获得感,并没因调查个体的人口特征而存在差异,其显著地与客观需求呈负相关,与客观获得呈正相关,需求既定时客观获得增加,则获得感会显著提升,这意味着新时代基于需求-获得-满足的精准扶贫逻辑具有实践效应。在客观获得确定而需求增加时,获得感会显著偏低,收入的影响作用最大。因此,后脱贫时代需要继续推进乡村产业发展,加强对劳动力的职业技能培训和乡村教育扶持力度,从外部基础、成人主体内在动力和代际发展潜力来保障和提升脱贫成效的持续性。     

The Seveso Directive: An Italian Pilot Study in Enabling Communication

In 1982 the Council of the European Communities issued a Directive on the Major Accident Hazards of Certain Industrial Activities, commonly known as the Seveso Directive. Besides other requirements, the Directive specifies that members of the public liable to be affected by a major accident from certain industrial activities must be informed of safety measures and how they should behave in the event of an accident. The Directive was subsequently amended in an extensive way. Upon the transposition of the Seveso Directive and its amendments into national legislations, the 12 European Member States are faced with the task of "appropriately and effectively" informing the public about major accident hazards. Delays are observed throughout the community, both in transposing the Directives and implementing public information. A pilot study on "Risk Information Needs" was commissioned and carried out at two Seveso sites in Italy in order to begin to resolve some of the problems involved in the provision of public information and to suggest appropriate guidelines. One hundred subjects answered an experimental protocol designed to assess their "information needs." This article presents the theoretical background, the pragmatic aims, and the design of the study. It also summarizes its most relevant findings and suggests some recommendations for the provision of information to the public.     

改革开放以来中国经济发展及1997—2010年经济发展预测(三)——中国地区经济发展的政策思路

预测“九五”至2010年中国地区经济发展,分析区域经济发展的两大特征,总结影响地区经济发展差别的基本规律,提出促进中国区域经济协调发展的政策选择。     

Tolerable or Acceptable: A Comparison of Risk Regulation in the United Kingdom and in the Netherlands

In managing major accident hazards in industry risk, both the United Kingdom and the Netherlands use quantitative risk analysis and quantified risk criteria. These should be understood in the historical, legal, and political context in which they were drawn up. Even when criteria are numerically the same they do not necessarily mean the same thing. The legal and historical context differs widely between the two countries. Nevertheless, it is surprising that the final results in terms of land use and levels of risk are very similar.     

Industry and the environment: a case study of cleaner technologies in selected European countries

The aim of this case study is to discuss the role of technology in addressing environmental problems. The paper tries to scratch beneath the surface of the increasingly frequent ‘quick-fix’ solutions to the present environmental problems, based on such beguiling catchwords as Cleaner Technologies, Best Available Technologies, and Best Available Technologies Not Exceeding Excessive Costs, etc., in an attempt to discover whether there is any substance in them, or whether they are just full of hot air. Recent data from case studies performed by the author in Germany and Finland as well as a postal questionnaire in Denmark are presented. The paper analyses and discusses the roles and responsibilities of designers, industrialists, and government policy-makers. It is argued that existing regulatory regimes, supranational industrial structures, and market mechanisms do not favour the development of cleaner technologies, nor do they promote a reduction in consumption patterns. Evidence from ongoing empirical research in Northwest Europe suggests that industry is far from developing and/or implementing cleaner technologies. The paper closes with a discussion of some of the policy implications involved and some examples of urgently needed further research.     

基于反向物流的商品定价和退货政策研究

综述了基于反向物流的商品定价和退货政策的最新研究成果。在此基础上,通过建立模型,对基于反向物流的商品定价策略和退货政策进行了进一步的研究,并求出了商品的最优价格和最优退货价格。基于模型,对管理提出了一些建议。最后指出了将来可能的研究方向。     

带有快速反应策略供应链系统的补偿策略研究

过长的订购提前期往往使得零售商订货决策感到困难. 快速反应策略能使零售商在获 得更多更准确的市场需求信息后,调整订购量而提高收益. 但是快速反应策略并不一定使供应 商的利润也提高. 有文章指出只有低的服务水平才能使两者利润同时提高,因而这种方法在工 业应用中是不一定可行的. 补偿策略是一种广泛应用的方法,能够提高产品的客户服务水平, 因而研究了补偿策略在快速反应供应链系统中的作用. 在某些条件下,在快速反应供应链系统 中,补偿策略能使零售商与供应商一方的收益不变或者提高,另一方的收益有所提高,即Pare2 to 提高. 还研究了引进补偿策略后,供应链系统的最优解及期望卖出量、期望缺货量和期望残 余量的变化情况.