Parent Marital Quality and the Parent–Adolescent Relationship: Effects on Sexual Activity among Adolescents and Youth

The link between growing up outside of an intact family and the likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behaviors as an adolescent has been explored extensively. However, fewer studies examined the likelihood of risky sexual behaviors among adolescents within intact families and what elements of those married-parent families seem to function as protective factors for adolescents. This study looks at relationships within married-parent families—that is, the parent marital relationship, the youth–parent relationship, and the interaction of the two—to identify potential sources of resilience for adolescents that influence their sexual activity. Overall, the youths' relationship with their parents matters more than the parents' relationship with each other, particularly for male youth and youth in stepparent families. Other covariates with notable influence on youths' risky sexual behaviors include parents' marital disruption and religious activity during the teen years. Analyses are based on data from the NLSY97 cohort.     

Family Processes and Adolescent Religiosity and Religious Practice: View From the NLSY97

This article focuses on family processes and adolescent religious attendance and personal religiosity. We find that the closeness and quality of the marital relationship and relationship between adolescent and parents significantly contributes to the strength of adolescent religious conviction and practice. The study used data from the NLSY97 cohort. Predictors include parenting style, closeness, and parent–child closeness; family structure; income, employment, parental education, mother's age at first birth, and number of siblings; adolescent characteristics (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnicity, disability, lying or cheating); and environmental characteristics (e.g., region of country, urbanicity, and physical environment risk). Family religious attendance was dramatically influenced by race in adolescents aged 16 years. Adolescents living with married, biological parents in 1997 were 36% more likely to attend worship services than those living with stepfamilies. Adolescents living in more physically risky environments, with peers who belonged to gangs, cut classes, or had sex, were less likely to attend weekly worship services with their families. Finally, compared with adolescents whose parents had a high-quality marital relationship and who had good relationships with both parents, all other adolescents were less likely to attend weekly worship services with their families.     

用PowerPoint制作具有交互声音播放功能的课件

以交互选择、控制播放背景音乐为例,讨论了在用PowerPoint制作的课件中,借助ActiveX多媒体控件,使用VBA编程实现动态控制音频文件播放的方法.     

铋—DBS—偶氮氯膦显色反应及用EXCEL软件处理数据

研究了铋－ＤＢＳ－偶氮氯膦显色反应的最佳条件，利用ＭｉｃｒｏｓｏｆｔＯｆｆｉｃｅ软件中的ＥＸＣＥＬ９７为工具，对试验数据进行处理，得到：配合物最大吸收峰在６４０ｎｍ，配合比为２：１，稳定常数为Ｋ稳＝４．１７×１０～９，表观摩尔吸光系数为１．３×１０～５，铋含量在０－１５μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律，相关系数Ｒ２为０．９９５９。     

New 3-level response surface designs constructed from incomplete block designs

Box and Behnken [1958. Some new three level second-order designs for surface fitting. Statistical Technical Research Group Technical Report No. 26. Princeton University, Princeton, NJ; 1960. Some new three level designs for the study of quantitative variables. Technometrics 2, 455–475.] introduced a class of 3-level second-order designs for fitting the second-order response surface model. These 17 Box–Behnken designs (BB designs) are available for 3–12 and 16 factors. Although BB designs were developed nearly 50 years ago, they and the central-composite designs of Box and Wilson [1951. On the experimental attainment of optimum conditions. J. Royal Statist. Soc., Ser. B 13, 1–45.] are still the most often recommended response surface designs. Of the 17 aforementioned BB designs, 10 were constructed from balanced incomplete block designs (BIBDs) and seven were constructed from partially BIBDs (PBIBDs). In this paper we show that these seven BB designs constructed from PBIBDs can be improved in terms of rotatability as well as average prediction variance, D$D$- and G$G$-efficiency. In addition, we also report new orthogonally blocked solutions for 5, 8, 9, 11 and 13 factors. Note that an 11-factor BB design is available but cannot be orthogonally blocked. All new designs can be found at http://www.math.montana.edu/∼$\sim$jobo/bbd/.     

Pilot–pivotal trials for average bioequivalence

Before carrying out a full scale bioequivalence trial, it is desirable to conduct a pilot trial to decide if a generic drug product shows promise of bioequivalence. The purpose of a pilot trial is to screen test formulations, and hence small sample sizes can be used. Based on the outcome of the pilot trial, one can decide whether or not a full scale pivotal trial should be carried out to assess bioequivalence. This article deals with the design of a pivotal trial, based on the evidence from the pilot trial. A two-stage adaptive procedure is developed in order to determine the sample size and the decision rule for the pivotal trial, for testing average bioequivalence using the two one-sided test (TOST). Numerical implementation of the procedure is discussed in detail, and the required tables are provided. Numerical results indicate that the required sample sizes could be smaller than that recommended by the FDA for a single trial, especially when the pilot study provides strong evidence in favor of bioequivalence.     

关于CAI课件设计制作的思考

随着计算机的普及，计算机在教学领域的应用也越来越广泛。CAI课件已成为多媒体教学中重要的工具。制作CAI课件应该风格统一，画面简洁，界面友好，运行流畅。用来制作CAI课件的工具有PowerPoint、Authorware、Flash以及专业性极强的可视化编程工具等。考虑到制作者的实际情况和课件最终使用的场合，课堂用课件通常选择PowerPoint，网络教学课件可以选择网站开发工具。除了选择适合自己的开发工具，资料的收集和加工也同样重要，文字选择要简要概括，图片选择要切合主题，为增加课件生动性，通常还辅以声音、动画等素材。