文学批评理论与英美文学教学的新思路--以"新批评"和"读者反应批评"理论为例

文章以文学批评理论作为依据,对英语专业的传统主干课程"英美文学"教学的有关问题进行了探讨,提出"新批评"理论所强调的以文本为基础的主张,将这种主张用于文学教学中,将有助于避免贴标签似的印象式批评,使学生通过细读原著,培养起踏实的学风,还能真正体会到文学的魅力;"读者反应批评"则强调读者在文本意义构建中的不可或缺.在文学教学中,只有使作品与学生的人生经历与人生目标紧密结合,才能真正使他们与作品产生共鸣,得到一定的人生启示;采用多媒体教学手段,并引入新的教学理念和教学方法,使这门传统课程焕发出新的生机.     

探析钢琴触键技术对钢琴音色的影响

钢琴音色的好坏直接影响弹奏者在弹奏技巧方面的变化,进而体现弹奏者的弹奏水平,在进行钢琴表演的过程中,弹奏者可以通过琴键的变化来实现钢琴音色的变化,而琴键的变化正是通过钢琴触键来实现的,因此,钢琴触键技术对钢琴音色有着非常大的影响。本文将从触键力度、速度、弧度以及方法等方面,全面地分析钢琴触键技术对钢琴音色的影响,以期使钢琴演奏者弹奏出更加悦耳生动的音色。     

An Empirical Study of Equivalence Judgments vs. Ratio Judgments in Decision Analysis*

Two commonly used elicitation modes on strength of preference, equivalence and ratio judgments, were compared in an experiment. The result from the experiment showed that ratio judgments were less effective than equivalence judgments. Based on an iterative design for eliciting multiattribute preference structures, equivalence judgments outperformed ratio judgments in estimating single‐attribute measurable value functions, while being nearly more effective than ratio judgments in assessing multiattribute preference structures. The implications of the results from the experiment are that multiattribute decision‐making techniques should take advantage of the decision maker's inclination of making effective equivalence trade‐off judgments, and that useful techniques should be devised to incorporate different commonly used techniques, such as multiattribute utility theory and the Analytic Hierarchy Process, to elicit and consolidate equivalence trade‐off judgments.     

Project‐Level Reuse Factors: Drivers for Variation within Software Development Environments*

Systematic reuse can dramatically improve software development productivity and quality even though a software reuse methodology may require substantial investments. Some projects may fail to achieve the targeted amounts of reuse within organizations that are overall successful in employing reuse. To explain such variation, this research explores the effects of project‐level factors in the success of software reuse. A model that relates project factors to project reuse success is developed using an information‐rich case study approach. The results are based on the insights obtained in a nominal group technique session, triangulated with structured interviews and comparative case studies. Success factors identified by the study relate to client influence, project culture, project attributes, and developer reuse experience. An organization that can successfully identify the factors affecting potential software reuse will be able to better target investments for the improvement of its reuse methodology and thus positively affect its software development productivity and quality.     

Consistency and Accuracy in Decision Aids: Experiments with Four Multiattribute Systems*

There have been a number of multiattribute decision aids developed to aid selection problems. Multiattribute value theory and the analytic hierarchy process are two commonly used techniques. Different systems can result in radically different conclusions if they inaccurately and inconsistently reflect the preference structure of decision makers, or if they are based on inappropriate theoretical models. This study examines the impact of the underlying theoretical model, the method in which preference information is elicited, and the structure of alternatives as influences on the results from using various decision aids. It was found that two systems based on the multiattribute value theory model were just as diverse in their conclusions as were results between AHP and the multiattribute value theory models. Therefore, accuracy of information reflecting decision maker preference is an important consideration. Feedback capable of assuring the decision maker that information provided is consistent is a necessary feature required of decision aids applied to selection problems. The study also found that the way in which information is elicited influenced the result more than did the underlying model. Exact numerical data for complex concepts such as attribute importance and alternative performance on attributes is not necessary, and elicitation procedures that are more natural for the user are likely to be more accurate.     

农村独女户生育意愿与动机的变化--宜昌市调查报告

根据“宜昌市农村独女户家庭生育意愿与行为研究”专题调研获得的有关数据 ,讨论分析了该市农村独女户家庭群体生育意愿与生育动机的构成 ,揭示这一特殊群体在生育数量、性别偏好、生育时间与间隔、优生等方面的意愿、态度、知识与行为的变化 ,以及在生育上将家庭幸福和对社会的责任结合起来的开明、进步思想。调查结果反映出农民群众的生育意愿、生育动机和生育观念开始向现代文明进步方向转变     

INTERNET互联网络以及计算机技术在情报研究和信息咨询中的应用分析

从ＩＮＴＥＲＮＥＴ网络的功能出发,说明ＩＮＴＥＲＮＥＴ互联网络对图书馆情报,社会科学以及商贸之间的作用和联系,并且进一步说明随着信息电子化的发展,它将彻底改变现有的有各行业务作业方式和手段,实现网络共享,提高营用效率,降低成本,且更具时效性。     

宣州市467名具备生育二孩条件的育龄妇女生育意愿调查分析报告

本文分析了我国女性流动人口的婚姻状况,及其随年龄、受教育程度、职业、流入地区变化的特征,以聚类的方式研究了女性流动人口婚姻的宏观地区分类,并用相关分析的方法探索了影响女性流动人口婚姻现状的地区性变量和流动人口自身变量。     

环境污染与工业结构：基于Divisia指数分解法的研究

 在已有研究的基础上对Divisia指数分解方法进行了改进,推导出对数平均Divisia指数方法。通过将该方法运用于分析我国四种主要的工业污染物发现,规模效应的影响是工业污染增加的主要原因,技术效应是减少污染的最重要力量,结构效应的变化在一定程度上增加了我国的工业污染。进一步地分析表明,不同工业行业之间技术效应和结构效应存在很大的差别。因此,在环境污染治理的过程中,需要考虑行业的不同环境影响而加以区别对待,并积极转变我国的经济增长方式,合理调整产业结构,实现经济的可持续发展。     

Social services for sexual minority youth: Preferences for what,where, and how services are delivered

As part of an internet-based study to investigate experiences of sexual minority youth in the U.S., 544 youth, ages 14–19, were surveyed about their need for services, where they preferred to receive these services, and their preferred method of service delivery. The survey was anonymous and youth were recruited from LGBTQ-specific listservs and venues as well as through social networking sites as a way of reaching youth often not represented in LGBTQ surveys. Youth highly endorsed many types of services, settings, and modes of delivery. Some subgroup differences emerged. Transgender youth and those uncertain about their gender identity expressed stronger interest than others in services to address stress, family issues, and self-defense, and in receiving support and guidance from LGBTQ adults. Few differences in service preferences along demographic lines such as race/ethnicity emerged; however, African American youth were more likely than others to prefer services offered in a place of worship. Contrary to predictions, geographic and community variables were not related to service type, delivery format, or location preferences.