高校汉语言文学专业师范生实践教学存在问题与对策

高校汉语言文学专业师范生实践教学在教学技能培养方面取得了一定成效，但就教育改革发展的要求来看，现阶段还存 在亟待解决的问题：实践教学效果两极分化；实践教学过程程序化、形式化；教学方式缺乏特点和亮点；教学资源不足；教学评 价机制落后等。问题的根源在于：思想上重视不足；理论与实践脱节；缺乏针对性；缺少时间的保证和一线教学经历。问题的 解决途径主要有：加强重视程度；坚持实践教学的灵活性；实践教学常态化；加强教学针对性，评价标准科学化。     

Sensitivity Analysis for Dependent Variables*

Decision analysts use sensitivity analysis to identify influential variables, to determine which input variables to model stochastically, and to characterize scenarios that could affect a change in the rank ordering of the alternatives. A frequently recommended sensitivity analysis technique is “one‐way” sensitivity analysis, which determines a variable's influence by the degree to which the objective function changes as that variable is varied while all other variables are held fixed. Disadvantages of one‐way analysis are that it measures the influence of only one variable at a time and it assumes independence among the input variables. Clearly, however, there are situations when dependencies exist among the input variables that could possibly affect the sensitivity analysis results. This research develops a strategy that incorporates dependence relations among the input variables into the sensitivity analysis using rank correlations. Only decision problems with a finite number of alternatives and continuous state variables are considered.