Agro‐Food Preferences in the EU's GSP Scheme: An Analysis of Changes Between 2004 and 2006

This article examines the extent to which the 2006 revisions to the EU's Generalised System of Preferences improved market‐access opportunities for developing‐country agro‐food exports. It shows that they resulted in only a slight increase in the percentage preferential margin, but that there has been a significant increase in the value of preferential trade and of the preferential margin enjoyed by exporters. This was accompanied by changes in the ranking of beneficiaries. Countries such as China, Brazil, Argentina, India and South Africa maintained their significant shares of GSP agro‐food exports, but other countries such as Thailand and Vietnam have now emerged as major GSP beneficiaries.     

Classification with reject option

The authors study binary classification that allows for a reject option in which case no decision is made. This reject option is to be used for those observations for which the conditional class probabilities are close and as such are hard to classify. The authors generalize existing theory for both plug‐in rules and empirical risk minimizers to this setting.     

另一种香港影像:独特的镜头择取与传达——陈果电影的"属下"声音

通过陈果电影独特的镜头择取与传达来分析影片揭示的立体的现实下层世界。陈果电影展示了一种被主流电影掩盖的香港图景,并以宏大的时代叙事为背景,使处于香港底层的人们——“属下”发出了自己的真正声音。     

企业价值二元化背景下的企业目标

在经济金融化条件下,企业价值已出现了二元化———实体价值与虚拟价值。在企业目标问题上把价值最大化与利润最大化对立起来的观点是不正确的,单纯强调价值最大化容易出现金融泡沫,单纯强调利润最大化容易忽略金融发展,两者都不利于企业和社会经济的均衡发展。理性的企业目标是在价值最大化与利润最大化之间实现良性互动,实现实体价值与虚拟价值良性互动基础上的企业价值最大化。     

蝴蝶兰组培快繁商品化生产经济效益分析

对蝴蝶兰商品化育苗生产进行了经济效益分析,结果表明:蝴蝶兰产业化生产经济效益远远高于其他农产品生产,是高投入高回报的产业,其收益率达42．72％,投资利润率17．5％,投资回收期4年。     

金融资产投资对创新投入的挤出效应研究

基于我国经济“脱实向虚”的宏观背景,文章研究了微观企业金融资产投资对创新投入的消极影响,以及融资融券制度在其中的作用。以2007-2015年A股上市公司为样本的实证检验发现,金融资产投资阻碍了企业的创新投入。其机制在于,金融资产投资不仅引入了较多的外部风险,而且加剧了创新投入面临的融资约束,进而对创新投入表现为显著的挤出效应。以融资融券制度的实施为契机,进一步研究发现,融资融券业务通过增加上市公司的风险与融资约束,最终加剧了金融资产投资对创新投入的挤出效应。因此,应防止上市公司过度从事金融资产投资,同时对融资融券制度进行优化,促使资本市场更好地服务实体经济。     

民族地区农民增收问题研究

文章认为,解决民族地区农民增收问题的主要途径是,推进民族地区农村产业结构的战略性调整,加快二三产业的发展步伐,不断提高农业发展的效益;积极开拓农民的视野,强化发展市场经济的意识,开发培育特色支柱产业,转移农村剩余劳动力,引导农民培植致富的新亮点;从实际出发探索发展农业产业化的多种形式;建立和完善各级农村教育体系,调整优化县乡教育结构;加强与欧亚国家的农业合作,开拓农民增收的新领域;着力建设一支能够带领农民脱贫致富奔小康的高素质干部队伍。     

Fisher大间距线性分类器

作为一种著名的特征抽取方法,Fisher线性鉴别分析的基本思想是选择使得Fisher准则函数达到最大值的向量(称为最优鉴别向量)作为最优投影方向,以便使得高维输入空间中的模式样本在该向量投影后,在类间散度达到最大的同时,类内散度最小。大间距线性分类器是寻找一个最优投影矢量(最优分隔超平面的法向量),它可使得投影后的两类样本之间的分类间距(Margin)最大。为了获得更佳的识别效果,结合Fisher线性鉴别分析和大间距分类器的优点,提出了一种新的线性投影分类算法——Fisher大间距线性分类器。该分类器的主要思想就是寻找最优投影矢量wbest(最优超平面的法向量),使得高维输入空间中的样本模式在wbest上投影后,在使类间间距达到最大的同时,使类内离散度尽可能地小。并从理论上讨论了与其他线性分类器的联系。在ORL人脸库和FERET人脸数据库上的实验结果表明,该线性投影分类算法的识别率优于其他分类器。     

Quantity Flexibility Contract in the Presence of Discount Incentive

We design a new contract, which we refer to as the QFi contract, that combines the quantity flexibility (QF) mechanism and the price‐only discount incentive. Under the QF contract, the buyer does not assume full responsibility for the forecast, yet the supplier guarantees the availability of the forecasted quantity and extra buffer inventory. In contrast, the price‐only discount contract places full inventory burden on the buyer. We show that the proposed QFi contract effectively balances the inventory risk for both the buyer and the supplier considering both the QF and discount mechanisms. We also show that the QFi contract is able to achieve supply chain coordination. More importantly, the QFi contract's coordinating price scheme does not require knowledge of demand distribution. We identify areas where the buyer and supplier may both benefit from implementing the QFi contract as opposed to the extant QF or price‐only (wholesale) discount contractual decisions in a decentralized supply chain. We also specify the conditions under which supply chain coordination can be achieved in a win‐win manner. We conclude with managerial implications and provide directions for future research.     

关税削减、多产品企业与中国进口的扩展边际

文章基于异质性企业贸易理论中的多产品企业视角,运用2000~2006年中国海关的微观数据分解了中国进口的二元边际,并结合高度细化的关税数据实证分析了关税削减对中国进口扩展边际的影响。研究表明:多产品企业内部的扩展边际约占中国进口总额的50%,关税削减在短期内增加了进口企业数和进口产品种类的扩展边际,但却减少了进口市场的扩展边际;在长期内,关税下降分别从企业、产品、市场的3个维度促进了中国进口扩展边际的增长。