PETS五级写作的命题规律及应试策略

PETS五级考试已为越来越多的人所熟悉。为了让更多的人了解它、适应它,对PETS五级考试以及PETS五级写作作简单的介绍是十分必要的。PETS五级写作的命题范围、命题形式、写作要求及应试策略,可为参加PETS五级考试或参加其他类似的考试的学习者提供借鉴。     

The State and its Welfare State: How do Welfare State Changes Affect the Make‐up of the Nation State?

With respect to changes in the welfare states of OECD countries, scholars most of the time are looking for common trends; that is, they look for similar movements in different states, such as welfare state retrenchment, recalibration, etc. As we show in this article, data on welfare state spending and financing do not, however, support such stark tendencies like retrenchment. We therefore suggest looking for corridor effects rather than level effects, i.e. analysing changes in the dispersion of welfare state regimes rather than shifts in the mean values. Our analysis suggests that convergence, i.e. decreasing diversity among states in spending, financing and regulation patterns, may have been the most important pattern of welfare state change in the last three decades – a pattern easily overlooked in past and current research. Convergence of welfare state regimes also affects our views on the modern nation state itself since the varieties of welfare capitalism in the twentieth century are themselves an expression of the sovereignty and autonomy of the nation state. If nation states are forced to surrender national particularities, to mellow their characteristic differences and to move incrementally towards a one‐size‐fits‐all common model via ‘shrinking corridors’, such a blurring of welfare regimes, such a beclouding of difference, should also be regarded as a significant change taking place in the centre of the Western nation state's make‐up.     

高校院（系）管理者的胜任力模型实证研究

本文以高校院(系)管理者为研究对象,运用深度访谈、问卷调查、因素分析等方法,构建高校院(系)管理者的胜任特征模型,并运用研究结果进行应用设计,以期对提高院(系)管理者人力资源管理的效益有所裨益。     

婚育新风进万家活动的民俗学思考

用民俗学的理论对开展婚育新风进万家活动、推动社会主义生育文化建设的必要性和长期性，以及城市婚育新风尚的导向性作了探讨。     

Do male reproductive preferences really point to a need to refocus fertility policy?

Independently collected data from a 1994 survey in Accra, Ghana, are used here to verify earlier findings from Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data which indicate the existence of a closer tie between men's reproductive preferences and contraceptive use, than between the latter and women's preferences. Indeed, the findings corroborate the earlier studies and suggest that fertility transition in Africa may be accelerated if the family planning establishment would recognize the contribution of the male role, and bring men into the mainstream of their agenda.     

文化素质培养与提高蒙古族学生外刊阅读能力

英语专业的蒙古族学生在外刊阅读课程中遇到很多问题从而造成教学效果差.导致问题出现的基本原因除了蒙古族学生的英语基础知识薄弱外,另一重要原因是因为他们的文化素质较低,缺乏相关的英美国家社会与文化知识.只有借助有效手段培养其文化素养才能真正提高蒙古族学生的外刊阅读能力.     

中国的生育率下降:世纪末回顾

本文对近半个世纪以来中国生育率的下降进行了简要总结和分析。通过与发展中地区,尤其是亚洲国家的对比,说明了中国生育率下降的特点;通过不同的生育率指标来刻画中国生育率下降过程的独特性;最后简要阐述了中国生育率下降的因素。     

关于改进宣传教育建设新型生育文化的探讨

改进计划生育宣传教育 ,建设新型生育文化是当前工作中的新课题。部分基层单位的工作现状说明 ,计划生育宣传教育工作中还存在着领导重视不够、投入不足、宣教内容形式不适应需要、宣传工作不深入细致、相关部门参与不够等问题。据此认为 ,应切实在创新传播机制、提升宣传的科技含量和品位、营造氛围、形成合力、加大投入、加强考核等方面多做工作     

Inventory‐Related Compensation in Decentralized Organizations

We consider a principal agent problem in a decentralized organization. The agent holds private precontracting information with respect to an uncertain demand in a single period setting. Being head of a profit center, his only task is to determine the optimal order quantity. We show that using a profit share as the only performance measure to incentivize the agent creates agency costs. In fact, offering a menu of profit‐sharing contracts to the agent to pick from, requires rent payments to motivate the agent to always choose the desired contract. This result still holds if a fixed payment is added. Using an inventory‐related component as a third measure, however, allows one to solve the agency problem and to achieve first best outcomes. Precisely, each contract needs to specify a bonus or a penalty conditioned on the inventory level at the end of the selling season combined with a profit share and a fixed pay. The paper not only demonstrates that first best can be achieved in the described setting, it also provides a theoretical explanation for the observed practice of using inventory‐related compensation elements, such as service‐level agreements, in organizations.     

现代生育社会保 险制度发展初探

通过展示现代生育社会保险制度产生与演化的进程，探讨了该制度的发展。