治疗性小组对患者的心理社会干预模式研究

本文旨在讨论治疗性小组工作对病人心理干预方面的作用及意义,初步建立其在患者心理干预中的有效模式。本研究认为患者在患病及康复过程中,对于治疗性小组有潜在的需求,设计合理、运用恰当的治疗性小组对于患者的心理干预能产生积极的影响。     

中国心理学史研究三十年

中国心理学史的自觉研究走过了30年的历程,很有必要总结经验,展望未来。首先是历史回顾,可分为初步创建、开拓探索与深入研究三个阶段,这三个阶段分别有其基本特点。其次是总结主要成就,主要成就有：规范了中国心理学史的基本问题,开拓了研究的新领域,丰富了心理学的教学内容,填补了世界心理学史的内容空白。第三是对未来的思考。思考的主要方面是：加强中国心理学史是世界心理学史组成部分的观念,加强中国心理学史人文取向的研究．加强中外心理学思想的比较研究．加强中国心理学史研究与实际的联系,加强对中国心理学史研究的组织管理。     

贫困大学生心理问题及对策探析

作为高校中的弱势群体,贫困大学生不仅承受着经济压力,也更容易产生心理问题。因此,分析贫困大学生心理问题的表现,关注贫困大学生的心理问题,探索相应的对策,从多方面促进贫困大学生心理健康发展,引导学生健康成长,是高校学生思想教育面临的重要课题。     

网络治理的权力基础:一个跨案例研究

网络组织是当前经济活动中的普遍现象,网络治理并非信任基础上的自主治理,而是受组织间权力关系的规制,权力是决定网络组织运行的重要关系并影响了网络组织运行绩效.本文通过一个跨案例研究,分析了网络治理的权力基础,提出组织间权力来源于企业资源、结构位势和制度压力.三种权力基础的作用机理不同,其中企业资源和网络中心性显著地表现为个体层面的权力,而网络密度和制度压力则体现为网络层面的权力,个体层面权力与网络层面权力的相互作用导致网络组织呈现不同的演变趋势.     

Structural empowerment,psychological empowerment,and work engagement: A cross-country study

In this cross-country study we drew on job demands-resources theory to investigate whether psychological empowerment mediates the positive association between structural empowerment and work engagement and, consequently, task performance and intention to quit. A total of 1033 employees working in the service sector in Spain (N = 515) and the United Kingdom (N = 518) participated in the study. Multi-group structural equation modeling analyses revealed that psychological empowerment partially mediated the positive relationship between structural empowerment and work engagement, and that work engagement associated positively with task performance and negatively with intention to quit. Invariance analyses suggested that the positive link between psychological empowerment and work engagement was stronger for employees working in the UK than in Spain, providing support for partial structural invariance of the hypothesized model. These findings suggest that psychological empowerment is an underlying mechanism that may explain why structural empowerment relates positively to work engagement with implications for theory (i.e., extend the nomological network of the investigated constructs) and management practice (e.g., emphasize the role of structural empowerment for work design).     

心理暗示是人力资源管理的新途径

人们在物质需求得到满足之后,就开始追求精神上的满足。现代社会人力资源管理的核心在很大程度上是满足心理需求,也可以说现代社会人力资源管理的核心是心理管理,而心理管理的有效法门是心理暗示管理。     

A bio-psycho-social model of successful aging as shown through the variable “physical activity”

In this article, we present and explain a bio-psycho-social model of successful aging with subjective well-being as a criterion of a successful aging process. We focus on physical activity because it is a crucial behavior. Physical activity can support successful aging in two different ways: first, due to its physiological and cognitive effects, and Second, an older person can enhance subjective well-being (SWB) while being physically active. The model points out that an older person can regulate SWB. To do this, an older person should set and pursue personally and culturally valued goals. The strength of the association between setting a goal and goal pursuance, respectively, and SWB depends on the extent a person is able to satisfy psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness). But, the decision as to which goal will be set and pursued does not belong to the older person exclusively. The bio-psycho-social model explains that the chance to enhance SWB is restricted by personal dispositions (e.g., physiological constitution, psychological factors) and social–structural constraints (e.g., predominant stereotype of aging, facilities especially for target groups). Funding credit: Landesstiftung Baden Württemberg gGmbH [Landesstiftung Foundation]     

Psychologically and biochemically assessed stress in a follow-up study of long-term unemployed

It has been suggested that psychological stress is one of the reasons for the high morbidity among unemployed people in Western countries. The same may apply to the well-documented high mortality. It would be expected that increased levels of biological stress would be found in these people. In the present study a sample of 310 long-term unemployed people from Norway was followed for 2 years. Psychologcal stress was assessed by medical examination and by the psychometric tests GHQ-28 and HSCL-30, the latter compared with a reference population of employed people. Serum levels of cortisol, prolactin and testosterone, together with immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and IgM, were compared with working controls. The unemployed had a high level of psychological distress at the first examination, the sanie for men and women. At the 2-year follow up distress was reduced by re-employment. This fits the 'causation hypothesis' which explains the high distress level as caused by unemployment. The other direction of causation, 'the selection hypothesis', assuming that distressed persons have an increased chance of continuous unemployment, was also confirmed in the present study. As for biological stress, significant differences were not found between the unemployment, the re-employed and the working controls.     

Test of the demands, supports-constraints framework in predicting psychological distress amongst Australian public sector employees

This paper describes the demands, supports-constraints framework originally articulated by Payne (1979) for predicting psychological distress, and reports the results of an empirical study involving 2452 white-collar, public sector employees in Australia. The study uses hierarchical regression to test for the interaction effects of the demands and constraints variables, having applied suitable controls for instance by including trait anxiety and removing curvilinear effects. The results reveal little evidence of an interactive effect but moderately strong main effects and modest support for the value of controlling for curvilinear effects. Trait anxiety is shown to have a strong effect on psychological distress and considerably reduces the size of the relationship between demands, supports-constraints and psychological distress when statistically controlled for. However, it still accounts for 18.7% of the variance when entered last in the regression and it is recommended that its effects be explored in all studies of stress that rely on self-report data.     

大学生心理疾病的分析及其解决对策

大学阶段是人生发展的黄金时期,在这个特定的年龄段和特殊的环境里,大学生会遇到来自学习、生活、情感等方面的问题,容易引发心理疾病。开展大学生心理疾病的分析研究,探讨疏导和解决的方法是一项具有重要现实意义的工作。