唐代城市群发展过程中的经济因素

唐代基本农区经济的繁荣为城市群的形成和发展提供了坚实后盾和有利条件,使得唐城市群由中心向四周迅速扩散,南方经济的崛起带动了江南城市数量的大幅上升、城市地位的显著提高。值得注意的是,由于受到中国封建政治因素的重重重压,经济纽带因素在唐代城市群发展过程中举步维艰,但客观上其作用却日益凸现,并不以人的意志为转移。     

Mediation and Minority Members of Academe

Focus groups are used to gather information from minorities in a university setting. Minority members of three campus groups (students, staff, and faculty) identified issues that could lead to relational conflicts. Alternative methods of dispute resolution are discussed in terms of their suitability and viability for use by minorities in academe. Mediation is presented as the preferred process for conflict resolution on an increasing number of college and university campuses. Mediation as a form of sociological practice in academia is a wide-open field of opportunity.     

Challenging passive partnerships with parents and children in the core group forum: a framework for a proactive approach

This paper looks at two concepts central to effective child protection practice: partnerships and the core group system, which need to work together if we are to improve the worrying, ad hoc approaches to child protection work once a child's name has been added to the child protection register. These concepts emerged at around the same point in time, but little has been written about the core group, even though it has been given the key tasks of formulating, implementing and reviewing the child protection plan, and forging effective working partnerships with other professionals, parents/carers and their children ( Calder 1991, 1995 b; Calder & Horwath 1999 ). Whilst the concept of partnership has received considerable media and publishing attention, no previous paper has explored partnerships with families within the core group phase. This reflects the low priority currently afforded to activity following the initial child protection conference, and arguably sets the core group up to fail, even before it has started ( Calder 1996a, 1998 ). The authors draw on their national research into core group practice to explore the notion of partnerships between the core group and parents, carers and children, concluding with some recommendations on how Area Child Protection Committees can create the environment in which we can move from passive to proactive partnerships within a higher profile for this stage and focus of the work. The authors draw on some suggestions from Messages from Research ( Department of Health 1995a ) and from several small-scale research studies into core group practice.     

Insecurity related to working life by age groups in Finland and Estonia in the 1990s

This article compares the reasons for insecurity related to working life in different age groups in Finland and Estonia, and the coping strategies evident in the two countries. Insecurity related to working life is more common in Finland than in Estonia. The differences between the two countries are more distinct with respect to experienced work-related insecurity than to an experienced lack of well-being linked to work. This shows that feelings of insecurity are affected not only by external factors, but also by internal factors linked to a person's earlier development. The most common causes of insecurity for people of working age are unemployment, mental strain and difficulties in interpersonal relationships at the work place. The individual's willingness to find means of coping at work is more clearly evident in Estonia than in Finland. People of working age in Finland are more likely to attempt to change the external conditions of work than are their Estonian counterparts.     

浅议高校毕业生中就业困难群体的指导

分析了高校就业困难群体的种类以及就业困难群体产生的原因,提出了高校应对就业困难群体应采取的有效措施,并探讨了高校就业指导工作的发展方向。     

论弱势群体的自我价值实现与和谐社会构建

弱势群体的自我价值实现是构建和谐社会的重要前提。弱势群体问题的性质决定了体制改革是促进弱势群体自我实现的根本途径。公正分配教育资源、努力改善弱势群体的创业条件、理性关怀与励志教育并重是弱势群体自我价值实现的重要机制。     

矩阵方程与Cramer法则的推广

本文讨论了矩阵方程AXB=C(A,B可逆)的用行列式表示的求解公式,然后指出它是Cramer法则的重要推广.     

Interest Organizations,Information, and Policy Innovation in the U.S. Congress1 2

Interest organizations are hypothesized to strongly affect public policy, but the evidence that they do so is mixed. This article argues that one reason for the disparity is a gap between theory and research: theory suggests that information provided by interest organizations should strongly influence elected officials, but there is no systematic research on its impact. We examine a potentially important source of information for members of the U.S. Congress—testimony at committee hearings—to ascertain if it affects the enactment of policy proposals. The data, based on content analysis of almost 1,000 testimonies on a stratified random sample of policy proposals, describe who testifies, their arguments, and the evidence they provide. Supporters of a proposal emphasize the importance of the problem being addressed, while opponents claim the proposed policy will be ineffective and try to reframe the debate. Information—particularly information regarding policy effectiveness—does affect the likelihood that a policy proposal will be enacted.     

L-Fuzzy拓扑群的直积

证明了任意一族Ｌ－Ｆｕｚｚｙ拓扑群的直积仍是Ｌ－Ｆｕｚｚｙ拓扑群．研究了Ｌ－Ｆｕｚｚｙ拓扑群的直积的层次结构，揭示了它与分明拓扑群的直积之间的联系