Accelerated failure time models for the analysis of competing risks

Competing risks are common in clinical cancer research, as patients are subject to multiple potential failure outcomes, such as death from the cancer itself or from complications arising from the disease. In the analysis of competing risks, several regression methods are available for the evaluation of the relationship between covariates and cause-specific failures, many of which are based on Cox’s proportional hazards model. Although a great deal of research has been conducted on estimating competing risks, less attention has been devoted to linear regression modeling, which is often referred to as the accelerated failure time (AFT) model in survival literature. In this article, we address the use and interpretation of linear regression analysis with regard to the competing risks problem. We introduce two types of AFT modeling framework, where the influence of a covariate can be evaluated in relation to either a cause-specific hazard function, referred to as cause-specific AFT (CS-AFT) modeling in this study, or the cumulative incidence function of a particular failure type, referred to as crude-risk AFT (CR-AFT) modeling. Simulation studies illustrate that, as in hazard-based competing risks analysis, these two models can produce substantially different effects, depending on the relationship between the covariates and both the failure type of principal interest and competing failure types. We apply the AFT methods to data from non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients, where the dataset is characterized by two competing events, disease relapse and death without relapse, and non-proportionality. We demonstrate how the data can be analyzed and interpreted, using linear competing risks regression models.     

论汉语构词法之“N ＋X”组合

一种大量存在于上古汉语词汇中的“大名冠小名”偏正结构的主要组合特点为前语素是事物类名，后语素是其下位小名。根据原型论对这一独特构词法“N＋X”式的内部组合特征的深层分析和历时发展状况的研究表明，认为其在秦汉后就丧失生命力而消亡的观点有待商榷。     

THE EFFECT OF JOINT CUSTODY ON FAMILY OUTCOMES

Since the 1970s almost all US states have introduced a form of joint custody after divorce. I analyze the causal effect of these custody law reforms on different family outcomes. My identification strategy exploits the different timing of reforms across the US states. Estimations based on state panel data suggest that the introduction of joint custody led to an increase in marriage rates, an increase in overall fertility (including a shift from nonmarital to marital fertility), and an increase in divorce rates for older couples. Accordingly, female labor market participation decreased. Further, male suicide rates and domestic violence fell in treated states. The empirical evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that joint custody increased the relative bargaining power of men within marriage.     

基于模拟退火遗传算法(N+M)容错系统优化模型的求解

本文提出了求解（N＋M）容错系统优化模型的模拟退火遗传算法．该算法在遗传算法的约束条件处理、交叉和变异概率选取、变异个体等环节引入了模拟退火机制，实现了模拟退火和遗传算法的融合，进一步改善算法的搜索能力、搜索效乍和收敛性能，计算结果验证了算法的有效性和正确性。     

类前缀"准"的多角度研究

本文从探讨“准 X”结构的特点入手,着重区分了“准”的两个语义类似义和逼近义。认为逼近义的大量运用是类前缀“准”活跃的原因,词典中应收录此义项。最后把两个构成连贯语义表达形式的“准_2 N”和“N 了”进行了对比研究,通过形式对应上的异同,找到能进入“准_2 N”的“N”语义、认知上的特点。     

日本兴亚院蒙疆连络部与蒙古善邻协会西北研究所始末及其对西北少数民族的调查研究

本文主要以日文资料为依据 ,论述日本侵华期间日本兴亚院蒙疆连络部与蒙古善邻协会西北研究所始末及其对西北少数民族的调查研究     

简评新四军在盐城的三次重要会议

皖南事变后,新四军遵照中央命令在苏北盐城重建军部,为了加强华中党的建设、根据地建设、新四军的建设,华中局、新四军分会相继召开了三次重要会议:华中局高干会议;新四军分会扩大会议;华中局第一次扩大会议。会议作用巨大,意义深远。     

区域能源效率动态演化及其驱动因素研究——以豫、鄂、粤三省为例

提升区域能源效率是完成国家节能降耗目标的主要方法之一.基于2001-2012年省级面板数据,运用超效率DEA视窗分析方法测算河南省、湖北省和广东省的能源效率,通过1阶N变量的灰色系统模型(GM(1,N)模型)分析区域能源效率演化的驱动因素.结果表明:河南省和湖北省的能源效率呈现先下滑后上升的演化趋势;广东省能源效率在考察的3个省份中一直处于领先水平,呈现平稳发展的演化态势;对河南省和广东省能源效率影响最大的正向促进因素均为工业结构,对湖北能源效率影响最大的正向促进因素为城市化,而经济结构则是河南省、湖北省和广东省能源效率提升的最突出制约因素.根据研究结果,不同地区应该根据各自的具体情况采取相应的措施来进一步提升能源效率.     

A linear transformation model for multivariate interval‐censored failure time data

This paper discusses multivariate interval‐censored failure time data observed when several correlated survival times of interest exist and only interval censoring is available for each survival time. Such data occur in many fields, for instance, studies of the development of physical symptoms or diseases in several organ systems. A marginal inference approach was used to create a linear transformation model and applied to bivariate interval‐censored data arising from a diabetic retinopathy study and an AIDS study. The results of simulation studies that were conducted to evaluate the performance of the presented approach suggest that it performs well. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 275–290; 2013 © 2013 Statistical Society of Canada