“女汉子”说略

“女汉子”一词的形成是语义、语法、语用综合作用的结果。语义上，“汉子”在近现代常见语例中常指性格坚毅、豪爽、大气的男性，语义凸显的是性格特征，性格特征义素强化和性别特征义素弱化为“女汉子”的产生提供了基础。语法上，偏正式合成词“女X”的存在为“女汉子”的产生提供了可能，而“X汉子”结构直接为“女汉子”提供了可以类推的格式参照，“女汉子”正是在词形类推的机制下组合而成的偏正格式。语用上，因其词形上直接的性别冲突，具有新异的修辞效果，内容上概括了爽直独立的一类女性，故广受关注，使用频率颇高。     

An L-statistic approach to a test of exponentiality against IFR alternatives

In this note we consider the problem of testing exponentiality against IFR alternatives. A measure of deviation from exponentiality is developed and a test statistic constructed on the basis of this measure. It is shown that the test statistic is an L-statistic. The asymptotic as well as the exact distribution of the test statistic is obtained and the test is shown to be consistent.     

正庚醛合成壬烯酸的研究

本文由正庚醛合成壬烯酸 ,确定了适于工业生产的催化剂及其用量和反应时间 ,解决了产品的后处理问题 ,获得了较满意的产率     

哈特曼基于价值的意志自由何以可能

N.哈特曼价值接受理论的根本前提是人先天携带着"模糊的"价值意识,这在一定程度上消解了价值绝对主义与价值相对主义之间的张力,同时显明整个价值柏拉图主义的二难困境。其价值决定与因果决定、目的性关系的结构理论为弥合本体论与价值论、是与应当之间的鸿沟提供了一条深刻而又独具理论魅力的范式。然而,人不能违背因果决定,却能违背价值决定,具有违背价值秩序的自由,无疑又是对其已建立的道德之价值基础的否定,暴露出其价值伦理学的内在困境。     

Archival data in program evaluation and policy analysis

Evaluators have typically avoided using existing data sets, choosing instead to collect their own information to maintain control over both the content and quality of the data. As demands on action researchers increase without provision for additional resources, primary data collection may become a luxury and the use of archival data may increase. Though archival data has practical and methodological advantages, there are limitations associated with the utilization of such information. The general problems with secondary data sources include the accuracy, acceptability and accessibility of the information. Following a discussion of these general problems, an example from the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) reimbursement data set is presented to illustrate specific difficulties with using archival data for evaluation research. Strategies are then presented for minimizing these difficulties, including determining the feasibility of utilization of such data sources, methods for assessing their accuracy and factors to consider in the data acquisition process.     

Posterior consistency in frailty models and simulation studies to test the presence of random effects

The estimation of random effects in frailty models is an important problem in survival analysis. Testing for the presence of random effects can be essential to improving model efficiency. Posterior consistency in dispersion parameters and coefficients of the frailty model was demonstrated in theory and simulations using the posterior induced by Cox’s partial likelihood and simple priors. We also conducted simulation studies to test for the presence of random effects; the proposed method performed well in several simulations. Data analysis was also conducted. The proposed method is easily tractable and can be used to develop various methods for Bayesian inference in frailty models.     

Some properties of the generalized TTT transform

Recently Li and Shaked [2007. A general family of univariate stochastic orders. J. Statist. Plann. Inference 137, 3601–3610] introduced the generalized total time on test (GTTT) transform with respect to a given function ?$?$. In this paper we study some properties of it which are related with stochastic orderings. A concept of Lehmann and Rojo [1992. Invariant directional orderings. Ann. Statist. 20, 2100–2110] is applied to a new setting and the GTTT transform is used to define invariance properties and distances of some stochastic orders. Iterations of the GTTT transforms are also studied and their relations with exponential mixtures of gamma distributions are established.     

“V＋N＋的＋O”结构分析

V+N+的+O结构有甲、乙、丙三种格式,其句法来源是V+(N+的+O)、N+(V+O)和(V+O)+N.甲式为V+O的自然扩展式,N是领属定语;乙式和丙式为N强制性地裂割V+O并插入其中而造成的离散式,N是准定语.为了满足语用需要,N从主语位移至定语位,N+(V+O)变换成乙式; N从宾语位移入定语位,丙式成为被抑制格式(V+O)+N的一种自由的补偿形式.对同一语义结构的不同句法形式进行选择,是语用平面的核心内容;同义句式维持着语义平面动核与题元关系的大同,体现着语用平面不同交际需求的小异.     

核糖体失活蛋白及研究进展

核糖体失活蛋白是一类广泛存在于高等植物体内的能抑制核糖体功能的植物毒蛋白 ,分单链和双链两种 ,除了能使蛋白质合成受阻外 ,还具有抗生育、抗肿瘤和抗艾滋病病毒等诸多生物活性