论波斯纳对芝加哥法经济学理性人假设的修正

以波斯纳为代表的芝加哥法经济学坚持的是新古典经济学理性人假设理论,可以说,二者的理性人假设理论是一脉相承的。但作为芝加哥法经济学个中翘楚的波斯纳,他的法经济学理性人假设并不是新古典经济学理性人假设的复制品。在新古典经济学理性人假设广泛受到质疑时,波斯纳并未置身事外。面对新古典经济学理性人假设的解释力和预测力越来越弱的现实以及理性反常现象的挑战,波斯纳与时俱进地通过增设一些附属假定来保护理性人假设的内核,从而实现对理性人假设的现实修正以促进法经济学理论的发展。     

理性选择理论的价值观体系研究——女性主义经济学的视角

理性选择理论应用于经济学被很多经济学家看作是“成功”的,毕竟它为经济学增添了清晰和严密等特性。然而,这一“成功”观点的背后隐含着非常重要的价值观体系,它重视简约性、精确性等学术价值观而轻视丰富性和真实性等学术价值观。这种等级制二元论价值观体系有着非常重要的社会性别内涵。经济学研究要想避免走向教条主义、避免得出荒谬的结论,就必须崇尚“阴阳和合”的价值观体系,平等地重视丰富性和真实性等价值观,这些价值观就像精确性和简约性等价值观一样,是经济学价值观体系中不可或缺的组成部分,不应遭到忽视和贬低。     

Rational Regression Models with Continuous Chebyshev Design

In rational regression models, the G-optimal designs are very difficult to derive in general. Even when an G-optimal design can be found, it has, from the point of view of modern nonparametric regression, certain drawbacks because the optimal design crucially depends on the model. Hence, it can be used only when the model is given in advance. This leads to the problem of finding designs which would be nearly optimal for a broad class of rational regression models. In this article, we will show that the so-called continuous Chebyshev Design is a practical solution to this problem.     

The importance of taxes in entrepreneurial decisions: an analysis of practicing physicians’ behavior

An irrational strong importance of taxes in an individual’s decision-making behavior is one of the most popular assumptions about the behavioral effects of taxation. However, empirical research about this phenomenon is rare. In a study of German physicians, this paper analyzes whether tax aspects are over weighted in entrepreneurial decision-making. Furthermore, factors that may influence the irrational decision-making behavior of actors are analyzed. As research method, a conjoint analysis is used that permits measurement of the relative importance of tax aspects in decisions. The first result of the study is that the majority of the respondents (practicing physicians) misestimate their own marginal tax rate. The main result of the study is that––in comparison to the neoclassical model of rational maximization of consumption utility––most of the respondents overweight tax aspects. No evidence can be found for any relationship between indicators of a possible tax aversion (e.g., low satisfaction with the tax system) and attention to tax aspects in the decisions analyzed.

Rational Economic Data Revisions

The efficient handling of provisional economic time series data is considered. Procedures are justified in terms of a testable hypothesis regarding the nature of data revisions. The hypothesis leads to explicit and practical variance expressions for measurement errors. Testing and estimation issues are dealt with. An efficient dual filter is developed for recursive signal estimation. Techniques are applied to the Canadian index of production data.     

On the Functional Approach to Bayesian Efficient Designs for Nonlinear Regression Models

The present article is devoted to an extension of the functional approach elaborated in the book Melas (2006 Melas , V. B. ( 2006 ). Functional Approach to Optimal Experimental Design . Lecture Notes in Statistics , Vol. 184. Heidelberg : Springer . [Google Scholar]) for studying optimal designs in linear and nonlinear regression models. Here we consider Bayesian efficient designs for nonlinear models under the standard assumptions on the observational errors. Sufficient conditions for uniqueness of locally optimal and Bayesian efficient designs for common optimality criteria are given. L-efficient Bayesian designs are constructed and investigated for a special nonlinear regression model of a rational form as an illustration of our main results. This model is interesting in both a practical and a theoretical sense.     

新生代农民工市民化意愿的影响因素分析——基于广东省三市的调查

通过对广州、深圳、东莞三市外出务工人员的调查数据,运用理性选择理论,分析了新生代农民工市民化意愿及其影响因素。结果发现,年龄、性别、受教育程度和月收入都对新生代农民工的市民化意愿产生了影响;是否在城市购买住房、城市融入感和自我身份认同也影响了新生代农民工的市民化决策;购买城市社会保险显著提高市民化意愿。而务农经历、婚姻状况和是否获得技术等级证书则未对其市民化意愿产生影响。     

美国公共职能私有化的理性思考

公共职能私有化曾经是美国80年代公共行政的主导思想。90年代以后,公共职能私有化的理论已经有了理性思考的色彩。美国的公共行政实践说明,公共职能私有化不能超越公共权力的底线;公共职能私有化是政府改革的选择之一,但不是万能的灵丹妙药。在美国未来的公共行政中,公私合作将进一步发展;公共事业和私有组织“双赢”是公私合作的基础。     

青年卢卡奇对形式理性的批判

在<历史与阶级意识>中,青年卢卡奇深刻批判了近代形式理性的物化结构.卢卡奇认为,近代形式理性是一种反思的、历史的和总体的理性,它是以认识论表现出来的本体论.思维遇到既定性的、非理性的事实,使近代哲学陷进主客体二律背反的理论困境.德国古典哲学乃至后来的人本主义思潮试图通过实践、艺术、历史、文化等路径解决这个问题,但都是在更高层次上说明了它的不可解决性.卢卡奇利用总体性辩证法,揭示了具体历史的内部结构.他把"主体-客体"的认识模式从空间结构维度推及时间历史维度,以主体性原则完成了对历史的重新构建,从而超越了形式理性的二律背反.