西双版纳僾尼人的丧葬等级制及其变迁

西双版纳僾尼人历史上曾实行严格的丧葬等级制。其丧葬等级,并非由死者生前的品行、功德、地位、财富等社会因素决定,而主要与死者死亡的地点、死亡的方式、成年与否、结婚与否、特别是有无子嗣等诸多所谓的完人因素相关。这一制度目前虽有不同程度的遗存,但很多方面已发生流变。僾尼人丧葬等级制及其变迁,为深入认识人类的丧葬文化史提供了独特案例。     

论办好人民满意的教师教育

办好人民满意的教师教育要求按照教育发展规律，为基础教育源源不断地培养优质师资，这是党的“为人民服务”宗旨在教育领域的集中体现。办好人民满意的教师教育是“民族复兴”、“民生幸福”等“中国梦”实现的基础，具有重要的时代意义。为了办好人民满意的教师教育，需要推广实施免费师范生制度，重视对教师教育机构的评估，强化师德教育，进一步完善教师资格制度。     

思想政治理论课教师教书育人满意度调查及应对路径探析

思想政治理论课教师是思想政治理论课组织实施的中坚力量。文章在问卷调查的基础上，分析高职大学生对思想政治理论课教师教书育人的评价，提出提高教书育人满意度的路径。     

Exclusion of HIV-positive people with disabilities in the media

This current issue piece aims to address the harmful exclusion of people with disabilities in the Iranian media. In a case study, this author collected news related to statistics of HIV-positive people covered by popular news websites written in the Persian language between June 2011 and June 2012. Within the analysed electronic texts, no reference was made to the number of HIV-positive people with disabilities. Under the rubric of critical discourse analysis, one can argue that this lack of representation may also be linked to a more general level of discourse that constitutes the marginalization of people with disabilities. This damaging exclusion both legitimizes and reproduces the ideology that people with disabilities are social minorities who can be excluded to the benefit of powerful people. This current issue piece also discusses the potential negative consequences of excluding HIV-positive people with disabilities from the discourse of HIV/AIDS in the media. Ultimately, the conceivable reasons for the Iranian government failure or refusal to publish the statistics of HIV-positive people with disabilities will be provided. Studies from various countries could shed more light on the exclusion of HIV-positive people with disabilities in the media and the interplay between HIV/AIDS and disability issues.     

太原解放前夕市民生活状态管窥——一本佚名日记的历史信息

一本阎锡山政府普通公务员的佚名手写日记为探寻太原解放的历史细节提供了最原初的记录。解放前夕,太原城外部环境越发恶化,内部社会秩序失范,阎锡山的政策在执行中被严重异化。太原市民贫富差距悬殊,普通市民生活无着、安全无保、精神无依。日记对市民生活的零散记载,除了具有补正史料的价值外,也对今人思考如何使政策真正惠及民生有借鉴意义。     

Stratified structural and epistemic aspects of the care manager's discretion—a theoretical approach to social work related to older people's potential relocation to a residential home

By applying a theoretical point of departure, the overarching aim of this article is to describe, analyze, and try to understand why care managers in their everyday occupational practice normalize the restrictive approach when older people consider relocation to a residential home. While earlier research to a large extent has drawn attention to how the care managers carry out the restrictive approach, this article pays attention to the circumstances paving its way. The focus is on influences from different sociological levels, thereby ‘stratified’, and from two aspects of discretion, where ‘structural aspects’ refer to choices between permitted alternatives and ‘epistemic aspects’ to practical reasoning under conditions of indeterminacy. With this combination, a multitude of circumstances contributing to the restrictive approach is revealed. Thus, the theoretical model includes levels as well as discretionary powers where formulas constitute the foundation at each level, subsequently related to multidisciplinary references in order to get the practice into perspective. The findings show that the priority given to home-based care in contrast to residential care is repeated and confirmed at each level and besides in an interchange between structural and epistemic aspects.     

Protecting Children and Young People from Tobacco‐Related Harm: A Review

Tobacco use continues to be a serious public health issue. Although declining in middle‐ to high‐income countries, smoking rates are often higher in disadvantaged communities and vulnerable groups. Knowledge about tobacco‐related harm also tends to be incomplete. To date, legislation has focused on public domains, but the pressure to protect children in the home and other private spaces is fast becoming a focal point for potential legislation and intervention. Negotiating the boundary between privacy and protection is likely to become a matter of professional concern.     

新疆高校维吾尔族预科生汉语学习指称关系偏误分析

文章以新疆五所主要高校维吾尔族预科生的作文习作等为依据，归纳了维吾尔族预科生在构建汉语篇章过程中出现的误用、冗余、先行词空缺、混用等有关人称指称关系、指示指称关系方面的偏误类型，指出偏误存在的原因主要由缺乏汉语篇章知识、受母语影响、篇章规则类推等原因导致，提出了在预科汉语教学中树立篇章教学理念、强化维汉语指称对比研究、加幔教材建设、重视教师篇章语言知识的积累等对策。     

“民心”决定论的困境——以秦亡汉兴为例

在中国历史上,朝代更迭与皇位易主通常需要诉诸于暴力战争,而战争胜负却并非由民心向背所决定。长期以来,平民百姓属于被统治阶层,与皇室、官僚相比明显弱势,缺乏有效的手段抵御外来侵害,也根本无力左右政局。“民心”决定论并不能准确解释中国历史上的政局变动。儒家对民心作用的鼓吹,只是价值追求,难以得到事实证据的有力支持。在秦汉交替的历史进程中,各路诸侯相互征战,并不顾及民众的感受,他们所采取的一系列政策,都是着眼于暴力战争的胜利,并以此决定最终的成败;这也是中国古代政权更迭的一般逻辑。     

生产与生活 神话与历史——评夏明宇新著《现代民间文学研究视域下的渝西神话》

在文化人类学的视野中,神话是地方或族群文化的一部分,是与他们的生产生活紧密联系在一起的。“将历史与神话分开研究无异于人为地割裂”。在渝西神话中,作者强调“现代民间文学”也是尽可能对“传统民间文学”的一种突破。尤其是“神话是先民的科学和哲学”,这一命题的提出,显示出《渝西神话》已跨出文学的范畴,把神话研究推向了一个更为广阔和宏大的领域。