“民心”决定论的困境——以秦亡汉兴为例

在中国历史上,朝代更迭与皇位易主通常需要诉诸于暴力战争,而战争胜负却并非由民心向背所决定。长期以来,平民百姓属于被统治阶层,与皇室、官僚相比明显弱势,缺乏有效的手段抵御外来侵害,也根本无力左右政局。“民心”决定论并不能准确解释中国历史上的政局变动。儒家对民心作用的鼓吹,只是价值追求,难以得到事实证据的有力支持。在秦汉交替的历史进程中,各路诸侯相互征战,并不顾及民众的感受,他们所采取的一系列政策,都是着眼于暴力战争的胜利,并以此决定最终的成败;这也是中国古代政权更迭的一般逻辑。     

生产与生活 神话与历史——评夏明宇新著《现代民间文学研究视域下的渝西神话》

在文化人类学的视野中,神话是地方或族群文化的一部分,是与他们的生产生活紧密联系在一起的。“将历史与神话分开研究无异于人为地割裂”。在渝西神话中,作者强调“现代民间文学”也是尽可能对“传统民间文学”的一种突破。尤其是“神话是先民的科学和哲学”,这一命题的提出,显示出《渝西神话》已跨出文学的范畴,把神话研究推向了一个更为广阔和宏大的领域。     

Campus politics,student societies and social media

The university campus has often been seen as an important site for the politicization of young people. Recent explanations for this have focused attention upon the role of the student union as a means to enable a ‘critical mass’ of previously isolated individuals to produce social networks of common interest. What is missing from these accounts, however, and what this article seeks to address, is how these factors actually facilitate the development of political norms and the active engagement of many students. Drawing upon qualitative data from three countries we argue that it is the milieu of the smaller student societies that are crucial for facilitating the habitus of the student citizen. They provide the space for creative development and performance of the political self, affiliations to particular fields and access to cultural and social capital. Moreover, we contend that these processes of politicization are increasingly enacted through social media networks that foreground their importance for developing political habitus in the future.     

Cash payments in context: (self-)regulation in the new social relations of assistance

Cash payments to meet social care needs offer the possibility for the direct employment of personal assistants using public funds. Empirical work internationally has identified the benefits of cash payments. However, there has been less interest in the relationships between employers and their employees. This article offers some reflections upon the employment relationship from the perspectives of employers who have learning difficulties and their personal assistants. The study involved eight employers, their supporters and their personal assistants in an English city. A grounded theory approach was utilised and interviews were analysed using a framework approach. This article argues that the relational aspects of direct employment arrangements have not been adequately considered in academic literature and the policy framework. These insights can add to debates around how social care support mechanisms can offer responsive assistance whilst questioning the assumed ‘empowering’ effect of an unregulated market.     

Gender‐Related Violence and Young People: An Overview of Italian,Irish, Spanish,UK and EU Legislation

Do laws regarding violence against or sexual exploitation of young people recognise gendered and other power dynamics? Cross‐national comparison of legal texts can illustrate the benefits of framing issues of violence/gender/youth in certain ways and offer critical reflection on particular legal frameworks or cultural understandings. This policy review is based on an analysis of select laws regarding gender‐related violence (GRV) as relates to young people in Italy, Ireland, Spain and the UK. Here, GRV is defined as sexist, sexualising or norm‐driven bullying, harassment, discrimination or violence whoever is targeted. It therefore includes gender, sexuality and sex‐gender normativities, as well as violence against women and girls. A tension emerges between granting young people agency and recognising the multiple, intersecting power relations that might limit and shape that agency. This article draws out the implications for the UK in particular, highlighting the absence of preventative measures and the need for a broader approach to combat GRV.     

人民群众是生态文明建设的主体--习近平关于生态文明建设的重要论述之启示

党的十八大以来,习近平总书记就生态文明建设发表了一系列重要讲话,强调人民群众是社会实践的主体,是生态文明建设的驱动力和监督者;在生态文明建设的过程中,需要人民群众的智慧、力量和积极参与;充分发挥人民群众在生态文明建设中的主体作用,必须推动生态民主与生态法治建设,必须运用党的群众路线理论与方法及建立健全人民群众参与生态文明建设的机制,才能加快我国生态文明建设的步伐。     

我国人民陪审制度的问题及解决路径

全国人大常委会《关于完善人民陪审员制度的决定》对于扭转人民陪审员“陪而不审,审而不议”的窘境有所裨益。但由于制度矛盾及配套措施欠缺等多种原因,我国人民陪审制度的实际运行效果与预期仍存在一定差距。为更好地发挥人民陪审所承载的司法民主、权力制衡等制度价值,我国应着重从扩大制度的适用范围、规范陪审员遴选程序、增加陪审权力、强化陪审义务四个方面予以进一步完善。     

电影《罗生门》的存在主义解读

电影《罗生门》中的强盗、武士、武士的妻子在极限的境遇中选择自私、狭隘,以至沦入痛苦的地狱,无法获得自由。樵夫虽然犯了错,但是他用自己积极的行动改正错误,使自己超越了地狱,获得自由。黑泽明希望观众通过他的影片,学会如何在一个充满荒诞和非理性的世界中去面对人类的不幸和克服人性的弱点。     

Intergenerational Continuity and Change in Conceptualization of the “Child” Among Guji People of Ethiopia

The rapidly growing globalization that embodies new technologies has greatly characterized intergenerational difference by fostering change and hindering continuity of values and traditions. However, the effects of cultural change on intergenerational continuity and change in less technologically developed societies have not been documented adequately. This article presents change and continuity between adults and children in conceptualization of the “child” in the context of the Guji people of Ethiopia. It discusses how the meaning of “child” is variable across synchronic generations among the Guji people and how this variability reflects discontinuities and continuities in intergenerational transmission of local knowledge. The difference between adults and children in their knowledge of generational structure is observed as a ground for their divergence in conceptualization of the “child.” Accordingly, for adults, one’s position in generational structure is a basis for identifying somebody as a child. However, for children, one’s level of physical maturity is a basis for defining somebody as a child. The data on which this article is based are drawn from 10 months of ethnographic fieldwork among the Guji people.     

老年人群人机特征研究述评——基于信息科技产品使用

基于信息科技产品交互使用过程中对于用户人机能力的需求, 较为系统地对人机工程学、认知心理学等学科关于老年人群相关人机特征的研究成果进行了综述性分析, 为面向老年人群的交互设计提供理论依据。通过分析发现, 随着年龄增加, 老年人群的生理和认知能力主要的衰退体现在流体智力和感知能力层面, 而晶体智力则能够相对得以保留甚至增长。藉此认为相关产品设计应更全面客观地认识老年人群人机特征, 更多地利用老年人得以保留甚至还在增长的能力、减少对于有所损失的能力的需要, 从而提高信息科技产品的易用性。