重庆区域经济差异分析兼论劳动力大规模转移的经济效应

重庆区域经济呈现以下几个特征：区县差异悬殊、地带性差异显著、直辖以来,绝对差异扩大,但相对差异在波动中缩小。与此同时,重庆劳动力呈现大规模转移,一方面是三峡百万移民;另一方面是农村劳动力的大规模输出．总计规模达千万。劳动力大规模的转移对重庆区域经济产生深远影响,第一,有利于减轻三峡库区生态承栽压力和居民就业压力,提高人均GDP水平;第二,有利于提高库区居民的平均收入水平,缩小重庆区域经济差异;第三,有利于提高农村劳动力整体素质,缩小地区间人力资本差异。     

多元文化主义对多民族国家政治整合的启示——以美国和加拿大为例

国家统一与民族多元是现代多民族国家政治整合的基本问题.对美国和加拿大的多元文化主义处理国家统一与民族多元二者关系的实践考察及其局限性和不足的分析,对中国民族区域自治制度的坚持和完善,实现多民族国家中国的政治整合,无疑具有重要的启示.     

Discussing Global Issues Through Contemporary Art

Contemporary global issues can be examined through the lens of modern photographic art. In an effort to prepare global-ready graduates, this article explores the pressing problems of environmental degradation, urbanization, and homelessness through the work of three contemporary artists. Illustrative works, suggested approaches, and curriculum resources are provided.     

Racial/ethnic and socio‐economic biases in child maltreatment severity assessment in Spanish child protection services caseworkers

Evidence from several countries has shown the over‐representation of racial/ethnic minority groups in child protection services (CPS). The objective of the present study was to explore whether racial/ethnic and socio‐economic biases influence Spanish CPS caseworkers' judgements of the severity of child maltreatment. Moreover, the study attempted to explore the influence on these judgements of the use of structured instruments and professional experience. Two case vignettes of child maltreatment were presented to 405 CPS caseworkers and 169 students of social work and psychology. Family ethnic origin and income were manipulated in the vignettes. The findings showed no statistical evidence of biases related to family ethnic origin or socio‐economic status (SES) in Spanish CPS caseworkers' judgements of maltreatment severity. Biases related to family SES were found for students for the vignettes of physical abuse. CPS caseworkers and students who did not use a structured instrument to assess maltreatment severity tended to underestimate the severity for the vignettes of parental incapacity to control child/adolescent behaviour and to overestimate it for the vignettes of physical abuse. CPS caseworkers who used a structured instrument showed higher percentages of accuracy and inter‐rater agreement, supporting the relevance of structured tools in reducing potential caseworkers' biases.     

Markov regime switching in mean and in fractional integration parameter

We propose a specific general Markov-regime switching estimation both in the long memory parameter d and the mean of a time series. We employ Viterbi algorithm that combines the Viterbi procedures in two state Markov-switching parameter estimation. It is well-known that existence of mean break and long memory in time series can be easily confused with each other in most cases. Thus, we aim at observing the deviation and interaction of mean and d estimates for different cases. A Monte Carlo experiment reveals that the finite sample performance of the proposed algorithm for a simple mixture model of Markov-switching mean and d changes with respect to the fractional integrating parameters and the mean values for the two regimes.     

Governance and Economic Transformation in Taiwan: The Role of Politics

This article analyses the strengths and weaknesses of the developmental‐state approach as compared with a broader and more flexible developmental‐governance approach – in relation to economic transformation in a single case country, Taiwan. It argues that both approaches have strong and weak points, and comes down in favour of the view that it is only through a ‘thick’ study of political forces, processes and circumstances that the reasoning behind developmental policies and institutions can be understood and the processes of economic transformation explained.     

战略抉择:中国经济发展方式的现状与转型

经济发展方式包括对内和对外经济发展方式。改革开放以来,中国市场取向和高强度投入的对内经济发展方式,与注重加工贸易和以引进外国直接投资为主、借入外国债务为辅的对外经济发展方式相互作用,推动中国经济迅速发展。但是,这种发展方式只是脱贫之路,而不是富强之路。随着时间的推移,这种发展方式不可持续的弱点逐渐表现出来。因此,中国政府应该充分发挥"看不见的手"和"看得见的手"的作用,对内实行自主创新和调整产业结构的发展战略,对外实行以超比较优势为核心的梯型对外贸易发展战略、以调整结构为主线的质量型引进外国直接投资发展战略和以渐进的人民币国际化为中心的对外金融发展战略,以成功地完成转变经济发展方式这场"经济社会领域的深刻变革"。     

政治与经济:中国改革的可能走向

经济发展与社会稳定为何呈现出"负相关"的关系?学术界的主流形成了三类具有代表性的分析框架:"宪政转型"、"体制落后"和"分配不公"。这三类框架具有各自的特点和局限性。在马克思的理论框架中,关于经济发展与社会稳定的关系背后,隐藏着一个更为深刻的相关性:经济基础与上层建筑之间的关系。这与主流观点有着本质的区别。对于中国当下的现实,马克思的分析框架有着极为深刻的解释力。这种解释的要义在于:(1)经济发展与经济基础的变化是同一过程的两个方面;(2)经济基础的变化必然要求上层建筑与之相适应;(3)经济基础与上层建筑的内在张力必然催生相应的政治诉求;(4)经济发展与社会稳定之间的"负相关",正是这种"政治诉求"没有得到有效满足的表现。因此,在经济基础日趋多元化的背景下,既要强化共产党的执政地位,又要确保市场化的改革方向。这个难题如何解决,不仅对中国未来的改革构成了巨大挑战,也将决定中国未来几十年甚至上百年的前途命运。     

生态价值:基于马克思劳动价值论的一个引申分析

检视和比较中西方关于生态价值问题的研究文献,基于马克思劳动价值论,并将其引申扩展到探索生态价值的致思路径是:沿着人类社会生产力发展水平不断提升的线索,从经济系统、生态系统和生态经济系统考察商品总价值、生态总价值和商品价值总量之间的内在关联及其数量变化关系。随着人类社会生产力水平由低到高的提升,商品总价值、生态总价值和商品价值总量三者之间呈现由同向递增变动到无序变动、再到更高层次的同向递增变动的趋势。在中国当前经济社会发展面临严峻生态问题的状况下,重新认识和理解生态价值问题,将有利于改变当前衡量经济社会发展指标过度单一的局面,有利于转变人们对自然生态资源、生态环境的不合理开发和利用的传统发展理念,有利于有效推动自然资源定价和参与市场化治理,并为其提供理论基础,从而使自然生态环境能够被科学、合理、协调、可持续地开发和利用。