爱德华三世执政早期与意大利银行信贷关系刍议

外籍商人及外籍信贷者在英国的事业和历史很久之前就被人所知,但到目前为止还有一些未知的细节,特别是14世纪早期,爱德华三世和意大利巴尔迪和佩鲁齐公司的信贷关系。英国国王利用意大利银行家的借款,代为战争用款、王室"锦衣库"支出及外交使节的费用。巴尔迪和佩鲁齐通过贷款给国王,获得的较高的收益,包括昂贵的利息、国王给的特许政策和权力。但带给银行家众多利益的同时,英国国王无力偿还巨额贷款给意大利银行带来了生存危机。     

城乡居民社会养老保险体系建设中的政府责任——基于浙江省德清县的研究

在全国性制度的探索和完善过程中,地方经验往往能提供重要借鉴.浙江省德清县城乡居民社会养老保险体系建设成效显著,其中破除城乡二元结构、强化政府责任、合理划分政府间职责是其基本经验.这对目前正在试点的新型农村社会养老保险制度具有重要启示意义.德清实践存在的一些问题,也凸显出城乡一体化以及重构政府间职责尤其是调整政府间财政关系的必要性和紧迫性.     

Social media crisis communication: Enhancing a discourse of renewal through dialogic content

This qualitative study investigates through a case study how dialogic content, which is shared on social media, facilitates stakeholder support and builds relationships to advance a discourse of renewal. Prior research on crisis communication in social media thoroughly investigated crisis response theories relating to reputation management and image restoration. To date, however, a paucity of research has considered how content could facilitate stakeholder support and relationships in crisis communication.The findings show that when an organization commits to transparent, interactive dialogue during a social media crisis on a social media platform, stakeholders are pulled to authentic content because they are interested and actively seeking for relevant information. Dialogic content may also boost stakeholder support and encourage relationship building to help move the organization forward after the crisis with dialogic communication. The insights gained from this study create value for wider audiences in terms of how dialogic content can be used for social media crisis communication, to move beyond reputation and image repair to become meaningful to stakeholders.     

Donor engagement through Twitter

This research examines how non-profit organizations can build and strengthen relationships with donors using the social media tool Twitter. Strong relationships are what lead to donor engagement in a non-profit cause, and the participatory culture that grows online as a result of using Twitter can help to initiate and build relationships with online donors. In this research, tweets were collected from two non-profit organizations, Care2 and United Way Toronto, and one for-profit corporation, Ford Motor Company. The textual construction of the tweets was analyzed using discourse analysis and a rhetorical framework as methodologies. Two main communication theories – the Social-Judgement Theory and the Social Networking Theory – emerged from the analyzed data and were driving forces behind the results. When applied to the data, it was evident that both these theories supported and illustrated ways to build and strengthen relationships using the social media tool, Twitter.     

Craving closeness: a grounded theory analysis of women's experiences of mothering in the Special Care Nursery

AIM: The aim of the study was to increase knowledge and understanding of how women begin their roles as mothers when their infant is in the neonatal nursery. BACKGROUND: Research is limited into how women experience mothering in contexts such as the neonatal nursery. Consequently many nurses and midwives remain inadequately informed of parents' experiences which we know may have long-term family outcomes. METHOD: This paper presents the overarching synthesis of a grounded theory analysis of data collected from 28 Australian women whose infants were in Special Care Nurseries. It draws together a number of previous publications that have described in detail the categories derived from the analysis that explain the actions, interactions and reactions women engage in as they seek to 'connect' with their infant. Data collection consisted of two in-depth interviews conducted with women, 333h of taped cot side recordings, field notes and interview data collected from 20 nursery staff, 19 of whom were midwives. FINDINGS: Six major categories were identified that, when combined, explained the intense emotional, cognitive and worry 'work' women undertook with both their infants and the nursery staff in an effort to learn how to mother in the nursery. Four explained how women worked to get to know and connect with their infants. The first three were labelled 'just existing', 'striving to be the baby's mother' and 'trying to establish competence'. The fourth, 'learning and playing the game', overlays the first three and represents the reality of having to undertake these already difficult and unexpected activities of mothering in the nursery. Two categories 'becoming connected' and 'struggling to mother' were identified as the consequences of women's actions and interactions. A significant finding of the study was the impact of the interactions between nurses and mothers' mothering. The nurse-mother relationship had the potential to significantly affect how women perceived their connection to the infant and their confidence in caring for their infant which occurred through a three way interaction. CONCLUSIONS: It becomes clear that the intense work women undertake as mothers in the nursery is focused on not only the infant, which might have been expected, but also the nursery staff. It is driven by their desire to develop or re-establish some sense of competence in the eyes of the nurse and to achieve control over the situation. Achieving physical closeness with the baby was a major strategy through which women not only learned about and gained intimate knowledge of their infant, but also demonstrated authority and ownership. It appears that reorientating the delivery of services from the infant to the mother-infant dyad would improve the care women and families receive during their nursery experience.     

“社会关系总和”论实现的批判范式转换

马克思以“社会关系总和”批判费尔巴哈“类”本质，实现了批判范式的全面转换。批判出场方面，费尔巴哈以经验直观方法理解人及其相互关系；马克思将社会关系作为人的本质，实现了人学基础的转换。批判立场方面，费尔巴哈从市民社会出发，以爱为基础建立宗教的人本学；马克思指出资本主义社会的异化性质，“总和”的实现只能在未来共产主义社会。批判方法方面，马克思基于总体性考察，扬弃了费尔巴哈对人类社会研究的形而上学方法，将其唯物主义立场与辩证法有机融合起来，完成了运思方式的变革。批判指向方面，马克思指出费尔巴哈仅在思维领域革命的不足，主张现实地改变世界，为每个人自由全面发展奠基。     

Managing Imbalanced Supply Chain Relationships for Sustainability: A Power Perspective

This study adopts a power perspective to investigate sustainable supply chain relationships and specifically uses resource‐dependence theory (RDT) to critically analyze buyer–supplier–supplier relationships. Empirical evidence is provided, extending the RDT model in this context. The concept of power relationships is explored through a qualitative study of a multinational company and agricultural growers in the UK food industry that work together to implement sustainable practices. We look at multiple triadic relationships involving a large buyer and its small suppliers to investigate how relative power affects the implementation of sustainable supply‐management practices. The study highlights that power as dependence is relevant to understanding compliance in sustainable supply chains and to identifying appropriate relationship‐management strategies to build more sustainable supply chains. We show the influences of power on how players manage their relationships and how it affects organizational responses to the implementation of sustainability initiatives. Power notably influences the sharing of sustainability‐related risks and value between supply chain partners. From a managerial perspective, the study contributes to developing a better understanding of how power can become an effective way to achieve sustainability goals. This article offers insights into the way in which a large organization works with small and medium size enterprises to implement sustainable practices and shows how power management—that is, the way in which power is used—can support or hinder effective cooperation around sustainability in the supply chain.     

Leap Before You Layoff:: Look For Creative Alternatives

Layoffs may be a firm’s way of optimally responding to demand shifts, to changes in its industry position, or to unwelcome financial stress. But, within the current economic environment, and along with individuals’ changing attitudes, the notion of layoffs has taken on a new dimension, which deserves renewed attention and perspective. With knowledge now being considered a firm’s source of competitive advantage, organizations need to look within themselves to see if both they and their employees, the holders of such knowledge, are in a position to embrace a new dynamic of layoff alternatives.     

Listening to learn: “Inactive” publics of the arts as exemplar

This exploratory study offers a research methodology by which organizations can more effectively listen to their publics. Using a dialogic interface, the methodology allows informants to relate how their intersections with organizations make sense to them on their own terms.     

毛泽东《论十大关系》的当代价值和意义

毛泽东《论十大关系》为中国共产党人提供了正确解决社会主义建设面临的十种关系的战略思考和哲学逻辑。这些极富前瞻性、革命性的重要思想以及蕴涵的科学方法论对当前构建现代国家治理体系,处理好"政府与市场、社会的关系"、"政府间、特别是中央与地方的关系"以及"学习和借鉴外国经验的关系"具有极为重要的指导意义。