四川藏区藏传佛教现状调查

本文在田野调查的基础上,描述和分析了四川藏区藏传佛教的现状。近年来,区内藏传佛教复兴的趋势与经济和社会发展状况密切相关,贫困地区、弱势群体对宗教的需要程度明显更高。在世俗化趋势下,宗教对社会生活的参与主要集中在生老病死等人生事务上,民俗信仰的成分很大。它能解决的不是社会发展,而主要是通过补偿、整合和世俗干预等机制来解决个体精神和心理层面的问题。     

王岱舆的"天命三品"论对当今宗教文明对话的启迪意义

王岱舆提出的“天命三品”论是中国伊斯兰教思想的一个独具特色的亮点,目前还无学人探讨。“天命三品”论不仅具有理论上的原创价值,而且对当今的文明对话具有重要的指导性启迪意义。本文从“天命三品”论的理论大框架,对“天命三品”论的初步思考,“天命三品”论对当今文明对话的启迪意义这三个方面对这一具有中国伊斯兰教本土特质的理论展开了一些思考和探索,旨在挖掘其对文明对话的启迪意义。     

Zastiin Nogoodoi: Tribal Zakhchin Music of Western Mongolia

When national governments support homogenising religious programs within plural populations, scholars are called to pay close attention to the subsequent interactions between state power and religious projects/actors. This article responds to this need by providing a sub-national perspective on Indonesian Council of Islamic Scholars (MUI), a national body seen by some as a state-supported homogenising project. Based on fieldwork in the Indonesian cities of Tasikmalaya and Malang, the article describes the ideological diversity that exists between the central MUI and its regional branches. In the regions, the MUI is supported financially by regional governments, and in this way, its branches are shaped by local political conditions rather than by allegiance to ideological programs promoted from the centre. The authors observe the openness of the Tasikmalaya MUI to a wide range of Islamic movements, and contrast this with the ideological homogeneity of Malang's MUI, where the regional government is intent on restricting Islamic programs that threaten religious and social diversity. The contrasting religio-political positionings of the regional MUI signal the ideological heterogeneity to be found within the Indonesian Islamic Scholars’ Council and shed light on the importance of sub-national factors in shaping Indonesia's institutional responses to religious diversity.     

The growth of halal meat markets in Europe: An exploration of the supply side theory of religion

Over the last 15 years dedicated markets for halal meat have emerged in a number of European countries. While ethnic stores still constitute the major retail outlet for halal meat in most countries, ‘halal’ labelled meat and meat products are increasingly available in supermarkets and fast food restaurants. Market expansion has also facilitated the rise of new certification bodies, each with their own marketing strategies and interpretations of what constitutes authentic ‘halal’, who question the reliability of certification policies that allow the practice of stunning before slaughter.     

Does religion foster generosity?

This paper reviews recent studies that claim to provide support, through statistical analysis of survey data, for the traditional proposition that being religious makes people more generous. The studies have serious shortcomings. First, the data consist exclusively of self-reports. Second, the dependent and independent variables are conceptually problematic and ill-defined. Third, even if there is a positive correlation between religious involvement and personal generosity, it may be due to selection bias. Thus, these studies do not provide serious evidence for the traditional hypothesis. Moreover, it has been directly controverted by experimental studies of economic and other behaviors.     

Safer Sex and the Health Belief Model

Abstract

The goal of the present study was to build on the Health Belief Model (HBM) by adding predictors of late adolescent safer sex behavior: perceptions of peer norms for sexual behavior, and sexual attitudes that emerge from socialization. Sexually active, late adolescent college students (N = 154, 62.3% female; mean age 20.8 years, 76% European American) participated in the study. Predictors from the original HBM included perceived vulnerability, condom use self-efficacy, and attitudes about condoms. In addition, peer norms for condom use and sexual behavior, general sexual attitudes, and endorsement of the sexual double standard were included as predictors of safer sex behavior. Attitudes about condoms, perceived vulnerability, condom use self-efficacy, and the sexual double standard emerged as significant correlates of condom use. General sexual attitudes and the sexual double standard were significantly correlated with alcohol use before or during sex. With the addition of these variables, the regression models accounted for 28% of the variance in condom use, and 14% of the variance in alcohol use before or during sex.     

论苏联哲学体系中的“人学空场”

萨特认为苏联马克思主义哲学体系是“非人”的哲学，因为它完全将主体的能动性排除在历史进程之外，苏联哲学体系中存在着一块“人学空场”。要想清楚人是什么，就必须先解决人指什么、人的本质是什么一即对象指谓的方法论问题。在这个问题上，苏联哲学界和西方哲学界分歧甚大。实际上，是否存在不是问题，是否同一才是问题。和谐总是和差异相伴的，只有彼此之间的相互尊重才可能理解不同文化背景下产生的思想体系。     

清真寺与中东穆斯林的宗教认同

本文通过分析伊斯兰教和清真寺的发展轨迹,认为清真寺不仅是穆斯林朝夕“叩拜(真主)之地”、表达内在信仰与完成“五功”的实践场所和伊斯兰教合法存在的标志,也是穆斯林宗教认同的物质文化符号,它在传播伊斯兰思想、弘扬伊斯兰文化及构建穆斯林社区过程中发挥了核心作用。     

西部高校大学生宗教信仰问题管窥

进入21世纪以后，在大学校园中，大学生宗教信仰问题呈悄然上升的趋势，特别在西部高校。论文阐述了西部高校大学生宗教信仰的现状，对大学生宗教信仰的特殊性进行了分析，提出了如何加强对西部大学生宗教信仰进行正确引导的方法及对策。