Factors that support change in the delivery of midwifery led care in hospital settings. A review of current literature

Problem

In hospital units, the network of interdependent relationships between midwives and doctors has positioned midwives within hierarchical relationships of power. Others argue that the physical layout of hospital wards created by biomedicine makes it difficult for midwives to provide midwifery led care. The aim of this review is to identify factors that support change in the delivery of the midwifery led care in hospital settings.

行政诉讼受案范围规范实证研究

目前法学界在行政诉讼受案范围问题上存在重大分歧。从规范实证的角度研究,根据历史解释、目的解释、文义解释、结构解释方法,应当认为我国《行政诉讼法》第十一条是限定性规定而非示范性列举,行政诉讼受案范围不能超出《行政诉讼法》第十一条的限定。最高人民法院有关受案范围的司法解释含义不清,且有越权之嫌。     

Income inequality,welfare regimes and aggregate health: Review of reviews

Wide income inequality in a society has been associated with worse aggregate health. Regarding the relationship, often termed as ‘the Wilkinson Hypothesis’, a number of empirical findings and related systematic reviews have reached inconsistent conclusions. In addition, the Scandinavian welfare regime is expected to have better aggregate health indicators in comparison with the other welfare regimes. The expectation is largely based on the Wilkinson Hypothesis because the regime has relatively narrow income inequalities. Again, related empirical findings and systematic reviews have produced inconsistent conclusions. This article reports on two rounds of ‘review of reviews’ (RR) over six previous (systematic) review articles. The first round of RR found that the review articles reached divergent conclusions. The second round of RR over another set of three review articles also demonstrated that their conclusions did not reach a consensus. Neither the hypothesised Scandinavia's good health nor the Wilkinson Hypothesis was given solid empirical backing.     

Evaluation logic in practice: Findings from two empirical investigations of American Evaluation Association members

Surveys of two independent random samples of American Evaluation Association (AEA) members were conducted to investigate application of the logic of evaluation in their evaluation practice. This logic consists of four parts: (1) establish criteria, (2) set standards, (3) measure performance on criteria and compare to standards, and (4) synthesize into a value judgment. Nearly three-fourths (71.84% ± 5.98%) of AEA members are unfamiliar with this logic, yet a majority also indicate its importance and utility for evaluation practice. Moreover, and despite unfamiliarity with the four steps of the logic of evaluation, many AEA members identify evaluative criteria (82.41% ± 3.34%), set performance standards (60.55% ± 7.39%), compare performance to standards (62.14% ± 5.98%), and synthesize into an evaluative conclusion (75.00% ± 5.80%) in their evaluation practice. Much like the working logic of evaluation, however, application of the general logic varies widely.     

The Structure and Measurement of Career Indecision: A Critical Review

This article presents a comprehensive review of literature published between 2000 and 2017 relating to the theoretical and empirical progress of indecision structural models and assessment. Because career indecision remains a central topic for counseling, it is important for the field to achieve an updated understanding of relevant models and measurement. Based on their review, the authors found that factors of career indecision can be reliably and validly measured by three instruments: the Career Decision Difficulties Questionnaire, the Emotional and Personality Career Difficulties scale, and the Career Indecision Profile. Drawing from these results, the authors developed an integrative model of career indecision consisting of five factors: neuroticism/negative affectivity, choice/commitment anxiety, need for information, lack of readiness, and interpersonal conflicts. Implications and recommendations for practice and research are discussed in a global context.     

Disclosure among victims of elder abuse in healthcare settings: a missing piece in the overall effort toward detection

Elder abuse remains a largely hidden problem in our society and only a small minority of victims are connected to formal support/protective services. Healthcare settings have been identified as a critical milieu to uncover cases of elder abuse; however, under-detection in these settings is a major issue. Victimization disclosure is an important component within the overall detection effort, yet it has received little attention in the elder abuse literature. Drawing on relevant literature from other domains of family/interpersonal violence, this article highlights the disclosure process, as well as disclosure barriers, facilitators, and competencies to consider when working with older adults.     

Women and homelessness,a complex multidimensional issue: findings from a scoping review

Homelessness is an increasingly prevalent issue worldwide. Women represent the fastest growing segment of the homeless population and have differing needs to men. These differences need to be considered by service providers and other stakeholders working with homeless women. A scoping review was conducted to address the question “What is known about issues relating to homeless women in the existing literature?” PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science were searched up until March 2018 with no date limits. The final sample of articles included in this scoping study was 232 from which six themes were extracted: (1) pathways into homelessness, (2) trauma, victimization and adverse childhood experiences, (3) mental and physical health issues, (4) barriers to accessing treatment and experiences with service providers, (5) social support and life satisfaction and (6) strengths, hopes and leaving homelessness. This review suggests a strengths-based approach to addressing women’s homelessness. This approach emphasizes people’s self-determination and strengths and views clients as resilient to problems they encounter in their lives. Future research and service provision should take into account the complexities in the lives of homeless women and recognize the autonomy of women to move out of homelessness.     

The impact of rice research expenditure policy in Thailand

This study explored the economic, social and environmental impact of Thai rice research expenditure (categorized as breeding expenditure, production expenditure and processing expenditure) during 2008–2015, using the simultaneous equation modeling technique. The results showed that production-research expenditure was the most explicit to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer usage, while breeding-research expenditure was the most explicit in terms of increasing farmers’ economic status from planting rice. Processing expenditure seemed to be the least effective spending among the three types.     

行政裁量基准司法审查的理论、实践和出路

行政裁量基准是行政法的法源,将其纳入司法审查具有必然性。但司法审查的实践势必面临审查＂依据＂与＂对象＂、行政理性与司法理性、成文基准与非成文基准之间抉择的两难。审查的指导理念从＂浪漫与怀疑＂到＂现实＂、审查模式从静态向动态转变、价值目标追求从被动守护正义到能动回应现实,是走出尴尬的基本途径。