资本错配会诱发全要素生产率损失吗

当前要素错配已成为发展中国家的普遍现象,但前沿文献更多关注劳动力错配而非资本错配对全要素生产率的影响。本文构建不完全市场条件下的多部门模型,以资本流动系数表征资本错配水平,结合中国1978-2010年八大产业面板数据定量测算资本错配对全要素生产率的影响。结果显示：资本配置效率整体对全要素生产率增长的作用为负,源于资本错配引发的资源配置效率损失对全要素生产率的影响突出,诱致全要素生产率下降2.6%。同时,资本错配使实际产出与潜在产出形成较大缺口,实际产出仅占潜在产出的70%-89%。这可能源于金融系统的垄断抑制资本自由流动,引致产业间资本出现较大程度的错配,造成全要素生产率和产出效率损失。     

国际资本流动冲击有利于经济增长吗

本文估算并应用潜在产出描述经济增长,尝试从国际合作角度设定动态结构面板向量自回归模型,识别自发性国际资本流动的综合性结构冲击,并进一步分解为共同冲击和特有冲击,提出研究国际资本流动冲击对经济增长影响的计量思路,以金砖国家为例进行实证分析。研究发现：国际资本流动冲击对金砖各国经济增长的效应因资本账户开放进程而异,但对金砖整体经济增长存在正效应,且不为金砖各国之间的资本流动冲击所扰;将金砖国家视为以国际合作形式联合的整体进行计量分析是可行且有经济意义的。中国应推进包括金砖国家在内的全方位南南合作,不断完善资本账户开放条件,分散国际资本流动冲击并使其有利于长期共同发展。     

A Risk-Based Approach to Setting Priorities in Protecting Bridges Against Terrorist Attacks

This article presents an approach to the problem of terrorism risk assessment and management by adapting the framework of the risk filtering, ranking, and management method. The assessment is conducted at two levels: (1) the system level, and (2) the asset-specific level. The system-level risk assessment attempts to identify and prioritize critical infrastructures from an inventory of system assets. The definition of critical infrastructures offered by Presidential Decision Directive 63 was used to determine the set of attributes to identify critical assets--categorized according to national, regional, and local impact. An example application is demonstrated using information from the Federal Highway Administration National Bridge Inventory for the State of Virginia. Conversely, the asset-specific risk assessment performs an in-depth analysis of the threats and vulnerabilities of a specific critical infrastructure. An illustration is presented to offer some insights in risk scenario identification and prioritization, multiobjective evaluation of management options, and extreme-event analysis for critical infrastructure protection.     

基于目录服务技术的扩展资源信息服务

网格环境下的资源在地理上分布极广,并且分属于不同的异构管理域,涉及不同的访问和共享策略,在这种异构动态环境下,提供完善的资源信息服务具有重要的现实意义。该文研究了基于目录的资源信息的服务机制和架构模型,分析元计算目录服务的性能并提出优化策略,提供对网络及CPU等动态参数信息的实时采集和报告,完善并扩展了基于目录服务的资源信息架构,提供了面向计算网格的通用信息服务的原型系统。     

MPLS中流量工程的应用

针对传统Internet在流量工程方面的不足和越来越多新业务对流量工程的需求 ,文章分析了MPLS在流量工程方面的应用 ,详细介绍了实现MPLS流量工程的两种信令协议———CR -LDP和RSVP扩展 ,并通过对它们的基本特征、可扩展性和可行性方面的比较 ,得出CR -LDP优于RSVP扩展的结论。     

资源演化系统分析

资源是人类产生、进化的物质基础,是人类社会演化、发展的根本动力,对资源的认识、利用和保护是人类社会实现可持续发展的前提。本文根据人类及人类社会演化发展的一般规律,构建了资源演化系统模型,分析了系统的结构、要素及内在演化机制,从系统科学的角度对资源进行了定义和分类,并分析了资源的特性;通过构建科学发展观形成演化模型揭示了科学发展观演化、形成的历史轨迹;最后,根据资源系统演化发展的内在机制从战略思想、发展战略和实践操作三个层面对人类社会实现可持续发展的路径进行了设计。     

中国企业员工福利状况分析

本文运用多元统计分析中的聚类分析法 ,对 2 0 0 0年各地区国有企业 ,集体企业 ,港、澳、台商投资企业以及外商投资企业在岗职工福利费用进行聚类分析 ,从而研究中国企业的员工福利状况 ,总结出员工福利分布特点和地区差异性     

浅谈知识经济时代的人力资源会计

二十一世纪“知识经济”的发展将成为主流,人力资源价值呈不断上升趋势,企业间竞争明显加剧,突出地表现在市场、技术和人才的竞争上,人力资源作为核心资源和提升企业竞争优势的首要资源,其受国际化的影响当然也是不可避免和极其深刻的。因此,科学的确认、计量、报告人力资本,对于有效利用人力资源,合理开发人力资源以适应经济的发展具有极为重要的意义。     

Household expenditure patterns and resource pooling: evidence of changes in post-apartheid South Africa

The primary aim of this paper is to examine whether resources accruing to different members of the household and from different sources have differential impacts on household expenditure patterns. The issue is of considerable policy interest for, if the identity of the income recipient does matter in the household’s expenditure decisions, then it indicates the usefulness of targeting income assistance at particular members of the household. The South African evidence is generally supportive of the hypothesis of resource pooling by the income earners in their spending decisions on food, clothing and energy. The results of this paper have been placed in the wider context of social, political and economic developments following the end of apartheid that have caused significant changes in the nature of resource inflow and in the balance of power in decision making within the South African household. The results are indicative of improvements in the standard of living of the majority of South Africans following the end of apartheid.

Sequential and Simultaneous Decision Making for Optimizing Health Care Resource Flexibilities

Health care administrators commonly employ two types of resource flexibilities (demand upgrades and staffing flexibility) to efficiently coordinate two critical internal resources, nursing staff and beds, and an external resource (contract nurses) to satisfy stochastic patient demand. Under demand upgrades, when beds are unavailable for patients in a less acute unit, patients are upgraded to a more acute unit if space is available in that unit. Under staffing flexibility, nurses cross‐trained to work in more than one unit are used in addition to dedicated and contract nurses. Resource decisions (beds and staffing) can be made at a single point in time (simultaneous decision making) or at different points in time (sequential decision making). In this article, we address the following questions: for each flexibility configuration, under sequential and simultaneous decision making, what is the optimal resource level required to meet stochastic demand at minimum cost? Is one type of flexibility (e.g., demand upgrades) better than the other type of flexibility (e.g., staffing flexibility)? We use two‐stage stochastic programming to find optimal resource levels for two nonhomogeneous hospital units that face stochastic demand following a continuous, general distribution. We conduct a full‐factorial numerical experiment and find that the benefit of using staffing flexibility on average is greater than the benefit of using demand upgrades. However, the two types of flexibilities have a positive interaction effect and they complement each other. The type of flexibility and decision timing has an independent effect on system performance (capacity and staffing costs). The benefits of cross‐training can be largely realized even if beds and staffing levels have been determined prior to the establishment of a cross‐training initiative.