农村留守青少年犯罪的原因及对策研究

农村留守青少年群体是一种新型社会现象,是由被外出务工父母留在家里的青少年形成的特殊群体。农村留守青少年犯罪问题日益成为一个严重的社会问题,导致这一问题产生的原因是多方面的:既有自我认知不足等自身的原因,也有外部环境的不利影响;既有教育的缺失,也有社会保障的缺位。因此,预防和减少农村留守青少年犯罪,应当坚持"预防为主、惩教结合、多管齐下、多方配合"的方针。通过对农村留守青少年现状及其犯罪特点的研究,分析农村留守青少年犯罪产生的原因,并探寻相应的对策,将更加有利于我国社会主义和谐社会和社会主义新农村的建设。     

Mapping the organization a methodological approach to organizational change initiation

facturers have realized that in order to survive in this market a new way of doing business is required. Initiating and planning changes is the focus of this paper, which describes a new methodology developed with the Israeli Military Industries. The methodology is designed to promote and initiate change in operations by defining a well-structured approach to Abstract. The defence industry is facing a shrinking market and tough competition. Most defence contractors and manu     

An Application of Response Surface Methodology to the Atari® Miniature Golf Video Game

Response surface methodology is used to optimize a player's performance on the Atari® Miniature Golf computer video game. Because of the nature of the fitted response surface, a direct optimization procedure is used to estimate the optimum operating conditions.     

突破农民收入增长滞缓的近思与远虑

从 1 997年开始 ,我国农民收入增长出现滞缓现象。本文针对引起这一变化的诸多原因 ,如农业投入不足、农产品价格水平下降、农民增收渠道减少、农产品结构调整不力、农民素质不高及负担过重等 ,提出了加大农业投入、加速农产品结构调整、推进农业产业化、实施科教兴农战略、重振乡镇企业、加快小城镇建设等近期综合措施。最后指出实现农民收入可持续增长的关键还是要千方百计提高农民的科技文化素质 ,这是长远的发展战略。     

Effects of Varying Response Formats on Self-ratings of Life-Satisfaction

A sample of 1,737 volunteering students, randomly assigned to 12 conditions, rated their current overall (dis)satisfaction with life. Each condition used 1 of 12 response formats, differing in (1) polarity (bipolar versus unipolar), (2) orientation (horizontal versus vertical), and (3) anchoring (−5 to +5, Not Numbered, and 0 to 10). Results For satisfaction ratings, a negative skew was found for all response formats, but, a higher percentage of respondents scored in the upper part (Midpoint to top) of the scale with anchor points (−5 to +5) than on the scales with other anchor points (Not Numbered and 0 to 10). Our results indicate that, satisfaction ratings obtained with either a unipolar or a bipolar response scale were similar, but, participants experienced some difficulty in rating life dissatisfaction using the bipolar dissatisfaction–satisfaction response scale. Moreover, this study has found that life satisfaction and dissatisfaction show a reciprocal relation, especially when assessed with two independent unipolar rating scales. These results support the inclusion of one-way unipolar response scales in the assessment of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Conclusion Our results suggest that the type of response format may influence both satisfaction and dissatisfaction ratings as well as the relationships between these two constructs.

Hybrid tripartite randomized response technique

In this paper, a new randomized response technique has been proposed that combines the unrelated question randomized response technique and tripartite randomized response technique. The relative efficiency of the newly proposed Randomized Response technique over the existing Randomized Response technique was obtained. It was observed that the relative efficiency of the proposed technique over the tripartite RRT increases with increase in π_A and π_U. The applicability of the proposed technique was also shown. However, it has been shown that the proposed technique performs better than the conventional ones.     

Some new augmented fractional Box–Behnken designs

The augmented Box–Behnken designs are used in the situations in which Box–Behnken designs (BBDs) could not estimate the response surface model due to the presence of third-order terms in the response surface models. These designs are too large for experimental use. Usually experimenters prefer small response surface designs in order to save time, cost, and resources; therefore, using combinations of fractional BBD points, factorial design points, axial design points, and complementary design points, we augment these designs and develop new third-order response surface designs known as augmented fractional BBDs (AFBBDs). These AFBBDs have less design points and are more efficient than augmented BBDs.     

Emotional crisis communication

Organizational crises are usually highly emotional experiences for both organizations and stakeholders. Hence, crisis situations often result in emotionally charged communication between the two parties. Despite the attention of organizations and scholars to the emotions of stakeholders during crises, little is known about the effects of the emotions communicated by organizations on corporate reputations. Through the use of vignettes, this experiment reveals that besides crisis-response strategy (diminish vs. rebuild), the communicated emotion (i.e., shame and regret) has a positive effect on corporate reputation. Mediation analyses showed that this effect of communicated emotion could be explained by the public's (negative) affective as well as cognitive responses (i.e., account acceptance). This study confirms that emotional signals embedded in crisis responses may affect corporate reputations by reducing feelings of anger and by increasing the acceptance of the organizational message. In doing so, this study provides a starting point for further exploration of the effectiveness of other emotions in crisis communication.     

He said, she said: The gender wage gap according to self and proxy reports in the Current Population Survey

Roughly half the labor force data in the Current Population Survey (CPS) are provided by proxy respondents, and since 1979, men’s reliance on proxies has dropped dramatically while women’s reliance on proxies has increased. Few authors, however, have examined how combining these first-hand and second-hand reports may influence our understanding of long-term economic trends. We exploit the outgoing rotation group structure of the CPS by matching individual records one year apart, and we find that self-reported wages are higher than proxy-reported wages even after controlling for all time invariant characteristics. Furthermore, we find that changes in the use of proxy respondents by men and women since 1979 have made current estimates of the gender wage gap larger than they would have been without changes in reporting status. This suggests that the gender wage gap has closed more than previously estimated. We recommend that researchers combine self and proxy responses with great care, especially when analyzing time trends or making gender comparisons.     

论公民网络政治参与与维持稳定——基于政治系统论的视角

公民网络政治参与作为一种新型政治参与方式在我国的兴起,主要是由于目前政治生态条件下公民自发表达的无效,以及渊源于匿名性和平等性的网络参与在规避可能遭遇的实然表达所带来的政治风险方面的优势。但是网络政治参与在推动新型政治输入的情况下,也带来了一些诸如极端自由、网络话语强权等可能冲击社会稳定的新问题。目前,网络方面的技术困境和网民分散化,以及政府自身的网络规范缺失、决策封闭性等,都成为政府应对这些新问题的障碍。所以,政府维稳应着重于完善网络参与规范、推动网民理性化和实现政务公开。