Ethics of research design

Discussions of ethical issues in research involving human subjects most usually provoke concerns about valid informed consent procedures. However, considering the recognized limitations of informed consent, arguably the way a study is designed is a more consequential concern for subject well‐being. This paper summarizes ethical issues in the design of clinical research, with reference to historic and current guidelines. Special attention is given to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and psychiatric research.     

Competence and consent to research: A critique of the recommendations of the national bioethics advisory commission*

Concern about the participation of incompetent subjects in psychiatric research has grown in the last several years. In response, the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) recommended in its recent report that all investigations involving persons with mental disorders that may be associated with cognitive impairment that may pose greater than minimal risk to subjects utilize independent assessors to verify the capacities of subjects prior to entry into the study. This recommendation poses several problems for the conduct of research and the protection of research subjects. First, it fails to target that group of subjects most likely to be at risk for incapacity. Second, it focuses on too broad a range of research projects, many of which pose little risk to participants. The substantial costs of this approach are therefore not likely to be outweighed by concomitant benefits. In place of the NBAC recommendation, the author proposes a more flexible system of capacity assessment, designed to balance the costs with a greater likelihood of achieving meaningful protection for research subjects with mental disorders.     

Maintenance work: Interrogating the sociology of art

The following article explores the different ways art sociologists investigate art that is based in the participatory arts. The aim is to shift the empirical focus to the art practice, which speaks for itself, and to place the work of the artist and all who cooperate or collaborate in the making of the artwork at the center of sociological analysis. By allowing the artist to speak fully about their work, art sociologists can uncover new social and cultural phenomena and better understand the different motivations underlying art-making. The following literature highlights the recent tendencies in the sociology of art, explores the “social turn” in art and presents different sociologists who focus on the art practice and the art’s voice. For further development of the field, I suggest the sociology of art needs to catch-up with the recent tendencies in art by placing the empirical focus on participatory art practices that will not only give us a better understanding about the intricate actions taking place in the art making, but it will also illuminate new layers of social life that are hidden. To conclude, I suggest that sociologists engage with participatory-based artists to enhance sociology through a public sociology of art.     

古代、近代自然科学知识与理科学科课程的关系

从自然科学知识是理科学科课程内容形成的必要前提和自然科学知识演化成理科学科体系、课程内容的轨迹可以看出,高等学校理科学科课程发展的轨迹基本上与自然科学的演进保持同步。     

我国生态文明的制度建构探析

草原制度是中国生态文明制度不可缺少的组成部分。基于25个草原治理政策法规的跨案例分析,以诺斯的制度变迁理论为视角,从变迁目标、变迁主体、变迁过程和变迁环境等方面研究了中国草原生态文明制度变迁的路径及影响因素。研究发现：制度变迁路径大致可分为草原经济效益优先的缓慢发展阶段、草原经济效益和生态效益并重的快速阶段和生态效益优先的稳定发展阶段的三个阶段;制度变迁的绩效主要受变迁目标的可持续发展程度、变迁主体的领导者环保理念、变迁过程的参与程度以及变迁环境的外部制度四个要素的影响。提出应从上述四个方面入手,实现中国草原生态文明制度高绩效变迁。

     

河北工程大学2003～2007年科技论文被SCI、EI、ISTP收录情况分析

通过首次对近5年SCI、EI、ISTP收录我校论文数和增长率进行统计、分析，初步了解其发展状况和趋势，找出存在问题及问题的因素，从而提出一些浮浅认识以供商榷。     

中国少数民族题材纪录片概念建构与考察价值

新中国成立后,政府十分重视发展少数民族文化,拍摄了一大批少数民族影像。少数民族题材纪录片以质朴、直观的影像方式书写了少数民族的政治、经济、社会与文化状况,但其概念的形成和受到业界的广泛关注却在20世纪80年代以后,并与纪录影像本体、新时期学术话语、影像人类学等问题交织到了一起,专家学者通常从文化、作者、题材等方面同时对概念进行限定。其实只要主题和题材是以反映少数民族生活为主的纪录片都可划归为"少数民族题材纪录片",以符合中国各民族聚居、杂居的现实状况和促进少数民族纪录片发展需要。研究少数民族题材纪录片不仅是一个影像专业问题,更关涉到少数民族文化进步、民族和国家形象的建设。     

公共服务市场化的主体多元性探析

我国在进行经济体制改革的同时,逐步开始了公共服务市场化的步伐。当前,参与提供公共服务的组织多元化,主要有政府机构、企业、第三部门和社区自治组织等,他们对市场机制的作用发挥着至关重要的作用。     

从意见（主义）到真理——关于当前提高高校“两课”实效性的哲学审视

当前高校两课的实效性相对低下,其主要原因是教师对两课的实效性存在普遍的误解、对学生的认知规律特点缺乏科学认识、教师自身的理论素养不高等。要切实提高两课教学的实效性,可以尝试走一条“从意见（主义）到真理”的哲学化路线：提取教材内容的真理性因素使之深刻化、深度耕读教材涉及的文本真理使之大众化、加大与两课相关的基础性研究使教师专业化等。     

学科建设“诊断”的指标体系与评价方法

该文通过对学科建设内容的研究分析，运用模糊数学理论，建立了分层次模糊综合评判模型及其技术方法，有效地解决了对学科建设复杂因素定量化评价的问题。研究中创新性地提出学科建设优度的概念和计算公式，用来对学科建设的状况进行定量分析与评价，有利于找准学科存在的问题与不足，明确努力的方向，达到“以评促建设，以评促改革，以评促发展”的评价目的。在确定评价指标体系和指标分级标准的基础上，应用分层次模糊综合评判模型对不同研究领域的学科进行综合评价，其评价结果较充分地验证了该模型的科学性和实践性，对推进学科建设具有积极的意义。