逻辑叙事:历史的比较和学科的比拟--兼评马佩老师的逻辑观

中国西方逻辑的研究有两次引入,二次断层,西方逻辑的发展则有三次高峰,一次断层.逻辑的社会文化功能主要在其批判性,而不是对逻辑的普遍诉求.逻辑的发展是一个学科依赖的过程,分别依赖于语言、数学、自然哲学和法学,法学有可能成为逻辑学发展的新模式.辩证逻辑是哲学逻辑的一个分支,保持自由的心灵是发现和发明的条件.     

A Qualitative Study of Non-Affiliated,Non-Scientist Institutional Review Board Members

In addition to outlining criteria for the approval of human subjects research, federal regulations provide guidance regarding local institutional review board (IRB) membership. IRBs are mandated to include “at least one member whose primary concerns are in nonscientific areas” and “at least one member who is not otherwise affiliated with the institution.” Often a single individual serves both of these roles simultaneously. Although there have been calls for increased representation of lay community members on IRBs, little is known regarding their experiences or their perceptions of human subject protections and the IRB process. Using an ethnographic interview approach, this study seeks to gain a perspective from non-affiliated, non-scientist (NA/NS) IRB members about the process in which they participate. Findings suggest a need for clarification regarding whom NA/NS IRB members represent. They also suggest that NA/NS IRB members’ experiences could be improved by an increased show of respect from the IRB chair, other members, and staff; efforts to make participation more convenient for these volunteer members; and training tailored specifically to NA/NS members. Further research on this important and understudied topic is needed to determine best practice and policy recommendations.     

The Expanding Purview: Institutional Review Boards and the Review of Human Subjects Research

The implications of the institutional review board (IRB) system's growing purview are examined. Among the issues discussed are whether IRBs are censoring research and whether the IRB review process fundamentally alters the research that is being conducted. The intersection between IRB review and free speech is also explored. In general, it is argued that the review system for human subjects research (HSR) should be modified in order to limit the scope of IRB review.     

环境代际正义的实现——论三种伦理主体的道德建构

环境代际正义的实现依赖于人类整体的道德努力,其中,人类整体是个体主体、群体主体以及类主体的统一,它们在人与环境的关系中承担着相应的角色,要解决人与自然、当代人与后代人之间的环境正义问题,必须实现三种伦理主体的道德建构。     

从《名儒草堂诗余》看江西词派

《名儒草堂诗余》作者大都为南宋遗民 ,集中作品既继承了辛派词人慷慨悲烈、豪宕恢宏的气度 ,又延续了南宋末年词人善用咏物的方式传递内心情绪的手法 ,表情极为深挚。宋元时期特殊的社会状况赋予了词集鲜明的政治指向性和浓郁的地域风格 ,由此得以另立江西一派。与同时代的“浙派词人”相比 ,强烈的兔葵燕麦之感、悲愤激楚之音溢于言表 ,内容形式与艺术风格别具特色 ,在词坛留下可书的一笔。     

高等教育中的创新教育及其课题

高等教育中的创新教育及其课题内容主要有一,树立创造性教育价值观;二,改革新的知识观和教育内容;三,培养创造型教师和创造性学校环境;四,强化知识的选择能力和创造能力;五,培养学生创新意识、创新情感和创新人格.     

On Confounding, Prediction and Efficiency in the Analysis of Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Clustered Data

Abstract.  In the analysis of clustered and/or longitudinal data, it is usually desirable to ignore covariate information for other cluster members as well as future covariate information when predicting outcome for a given subject at a given time. This can be accomplished through con-ditional mean models which merely condition on the considered subject's covariate history at each time. Pepe & Anderson (Commun. Stat. Simul. Comput. 23, 1994 , 939) have shown that ordinary generalized estimating equations may yield biased estimates for the parameters in such models, but that valid inferences can be guaranteed by using a diagonal working covariance matrix in the equations. In this paper, we provide insight into the nature of this problem by uncovering substantive data-generating mechanisms under which such biases will result. We then propose a class of asymptotically unbiased estimators for the parameters indexing the suggested conditional mean models. In addition, we provide a representation for the efficient estimator in our class, which attains the semi-parametric efficiency bound under the model, along with an efficient algorithm for calculating it. This algorithm is easy to apply and may realize major efficiency improvements as demonstrated through simulation studies. The results suggest ways to improve the efficiency of inverse-probability-of-treatment estimators which adjust for time-varying confounding, and are used to estimate the effect of discontinuing highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) on viral load in HIV-infected patients.     

论“反身性”校园文化及其建构

文章通过主体性的视角观照当下的校园文化，提出了建构“反身性校园文化”的理念。这种理念针对被异化的缺乏主体的物化校园文化，提出在自觉意识的层面让客体化的文化重返主体自身，使客体化的文化转化为主体自身的文化。从建构者、接受者、影响三个层面分别提出了建构“反身性校园文化”的具体设想，旨在通过反身性的历史书写，经由对客体文化的移植过程提出的重新反省，不仅重构一个作为主体的“生活世界”的校园文化，而且通过这一文化重塑建构性与批判性的现代理念。     

美国法中的“集体协商的强制性议题”及其启示

关于强制交付集体协商的议题在我国劳动法上迄今尚未完全厘清。对这一问题的真正解决，有赖于对集体协商议题的性质和种类的完整理解。基于这种方法论上的考虑，本文从外部范围和内容结构两个角度入手，透过美国“集体协商的强制性议题”法制的比较观察，勾勒出“强制性议题”的体系轮廓。在外部范围上，美国采取对劳资关系具有“重大影响”的标准。在内容结构上，美国根据“诚信原则”对涉及“强制性议题”协商的当事人的义务进行审查。     

西部少数民族地区课程改革探微

经过素质教育课程改革的实验,总结经验,并针对改革中存在的问题,探讨西部少数民族地区实施课程改革时如何解决这些问题。