Comments on Montague J. Lord's “distributional effects of international commodity price stabilization: Do the aggregate gains apply to individual producing countries?” [JPM 3:61–75 (1981)]

Lord discusses the impact of international commodity price stabilization on Latin American producing country export revenues. He correctly emphasizes that the directions and magnitudes of such effects may vary substantially across producers, depending on the degree of segmentation of the commodity markets and the nature and distribution of the shocks. However his potential contribution may be lost because of a number of inaccuracies, which I discuss under three general topics.     

试析大学毕业生就业最低工资制

大学毕业生工资待遇关涉个人、家庭和社会各方面的利益,建立大学毕业生最低工资制是维护大学生合法权益、实现教育公平的重要手段,是家庭幸福、社会和谐的重要保证。这一制度的建立具有充分的理论依据,既有劳动力价值理论、成本—收益效应理论等经济学依据,又有特殊问题特殊处理的哲学依据,还有社会控制、需求—满足等社会学、心理学依据。     

西北普通高校大学生体育锻炼意识与运动兴趣的调查研究

通过对西北普通高校大学生体育锻炼意识、健康状况与运动兴趣调查分析表明 :大学生喜欢上体育的人数不到 6 0 % ,相当一部分学生对体育的健身价值缺乏正确的认识 ,没有体育锻炼的习惯和意识 ;学生的体质健康状况不理想 ,必须引起有关领导的重视 ;学生对健身类、健美类、娱乐兴和球类体育活动比较感兴趣 ,学校应多为学生提供这方面的教学和活动场所。     

The linkage effects of raw material processing in economic development: A survey of modeling and other approaches

Processing of primary raw materials has become an important and widely recommended strategy for economic development. Yet, even as the councils of many LDCs call for primary commodity producers to gain greater participation in downstream activities, there remain doubts on fundamental questions:What comparative advantage and what disadvantages do processing activities have in the LDCs?What linkages do processing activities offer?What is the potential contribution of processing to economic goal attainment in the LDCs?In this article we survey the material on processing, particularly with respect to modeling direct and indirect linkages between processing and the LDC economies. The article examines the following topics: (1) the literature on processing in economic development; (2) modeling processing linkages; and (3) outstanding questions regarding processing linkages.We focus on quantifiable linkages between the processing industry and the rest of the economy. There is also the possibility of other linkages, such as the development of entrepreneurship and management talent and technology, that are more difficult to quantify. It is important to distinguish between micro linkages, which refer to the direct impact on supplier and user sectors, and macro linkages, which include indirect general economic effects transmitted through government revenue and expenditures, the money supply, and foreign exchange availabilities.     

The bureaucratic response to economic fluctuation: An econometric investigation of Hungarian investment policies

This paper develops bureaucratic response functions within a “deviation from trend” econometric model to determine those factors that were related to fluctuations in aggregate investment finding and in the sectoral distribution of that aggretate during 1960–1975. Investment in buildings and investment in machinery are analyzed separately. On the national level, investment funding is found to respond to indicators of well-being, plan targets, bottlenecks, and foreign trade variables. Sectoral investment funding is based mainly on priority considerations.     

论我国大学生消费伦理意识的培养

随着我国消费水平的提高，大学生作为一个特殊的消费群体，他们的消费观念和行为也发生了变化。出现了一些消费伦理问题，因此，我们必须注重大学生消费伦理意识的培养。在大学生消费伦理意识的培养中，不仅要加强大学生消费伦理教育、提高大学生消费伦理认识能力；而且要加强大学生的消费伦理修养，还要努力营造节俭的社会氛围。     

早稻田大学的办学特点及其经验借鉴

本文以日本乃至亚洲著名私立大学早稻田大学为研究案例,集中分析研究该校的主要特点:国际化办学理念、开放性管理模式、创新性发展战略,企盼为我国普通民办高校特别是实施本科教育的民校提供可资借鉴的经验.     

Partial vs. general equilibrium analysis and choice of functional form: Implications for policy modeling

In formulating empirically tractable, economywide models, researchers are often forced to employ “convenient” functional forms. These forms embody restrictive maintained hypotheses. Alternatively, flexible functional forms may be utilized in a partial equilibrium setting. Estimation and incorporation of flexible functions into computable general equilibrium models is considerably more demanding of research resources. Assuming that shortcuts will continue to be necessary for researchers attempting to respond to current policy problems, this paper compares these two alternatives. Specifically, a general equilibrium model for New York State is employed to evaluate the relative performances of flexible partial equilibrium models and their more restrictive, general equilibrium counterpart. In the particular application considered, the former approach is found to dominate the latter.