土地“新政”导向下农村建设用地整理之法治考量

在新农村建设和城乡统筹发展背景下,农村建设用地整理是促进节约集约用地、破解土地供需矛盾的有效途径和重要举措;在土地"新政"导向下,农村建设用地整理无现成路径或既定模式可循,其实施导致土地产权性质、归属及客体(地块)的调整,将带来诸多利益关系的冲突与协调;其政策灵活性容易被曲解及违规滥用并演变成"掠夺"甚至于"浩劫"农民土地权益的"村庄撤并圈地"运动。在相关立法调整不到位特别是农民土地权益保护法律机制欠缺的情况下,应充分认识到农村建设用地整理的种种掣肘因素、法律风险及政策实施障碍。农村建设用地整理不能依赖行政强制,而要在法治理念下依靠法律制度设计完善和实施机制创新,予以积极引导、正确调整及有效规制。     

农村“超生”现象与计划生育国策的博弈——基于豫西南地区农村人口可持续发展的思考

人口发展是落实科学发展观、确保人口安全乃至国家安全的战略基础。农村计划生育工作的成效是我国人口可持续发展的关键。由于农村男孩偏爱等多种因素影响,农村的计划生育国策正面临着多方面的挑战。新时期,从博弈论的视角,分析各参与主体的博弈动机和博弈行为。指出各参与主体的利己行为在宏观上阻滞了计划生育国策的推行,进而提出加强制度监督、进行制度创新,关爱女孩教育,完善农村社会保障,加速城镇化进程等路径选择,以期对我国人口可持续发展有所裨益。     

农村义务教育教师生存现状改善对策研究述评

国内研究者分别从教学现状、专业发展现状、生活现状和健康现状四个方面对我国农村义务教育教师的生存现状展开了研究,并从政府、社会、学校和教师自身四个层面提出了相应的改善措施。认为该问题的研究取向尚待深入,范围有待拓展,中观和微观层面的对策研究有待加强。     

农村劳动力的转移及农民市民化困境分析

城乡二元体制的松动,使农村劳动力转移步伐明显加快。在农民市民化进程中,仍然存在分配关系不合理、社会保障权利缺失、基本公共服务不均等、利益诉求表达不畅等现实困境,出现了农村劳动力的逆向流动。认为通过调整社会经济关系,增加制度有效供给,助推我国的城市化进程。     

关于新型农村合作医疗制度的探究

新型农村合作医疗制度是一项旨在缓解农民因病致贫、因病返贫的惠民制度,它的提出和试点,一定程度上有效地减轻了农民的医疗负担。但是该制度在具体运作过程中仍然存在着筹资成本高、农民参合积极性低、医疗服务能力较差、缺乏法律保障等问题。针对这些问题,可采取建立科学合理的筹资机制、加大宣传力度、加强服务设施建设及加快立法等措施来进一步完善新农合制度,并推进这一制度的健康发展。     

近代中国东北地区地权的流变

近代东北地区地权发生两次重大转变：晚清,经历了旗地转变为民地,官有转变为私有土地的过程;民国,经历了土地集中到分散的演变。前者为后者奠定了前提条件。两次重大的地权演变,地权的集散程度共同规定着土地资源的配置,土地的商品买卖贯穿着整个过程。     

Local perspectives on rural housing affordability and implications for the localism agenda in England

Drawing on consultation meetings with eight community groups across rural England, this paper examines local perspectives on housing affordability, and the consequences of low levels of ‘within area’ housing access for rural economies and communities, contrasting the reflective understanding of residents with normative and established perspectives on the same issues. Because it now seems likely that rural planning policy in England will, in some measure, be reconstructed from the bottom-up, prioritising local control, an analysis of residents' perspectives gives some insight into the shape of future policy intervention. The research reveals a highly nuanced understanding of affordability and the development needs of villages. Sometimes local views – particularly those of commuting or retired households – are dismissed as being motivated by NIMBYism. But this is a partial truth, with rural residents displaying reflective dissatisfaction with official perspectives on rural housing problems.     

(Un)caring communities: Processes of marginalisation and access to formal and informal care and assistance in rural Russia

The marginality of rural life, understood in structural, economic, political and geographic terms, has been an underlying theme in both historical and contemporary studies of the Russian countryside. Much less attention has been paid to marginality as relational and the moral discourses of (un)belonging and (un)deservingness through which moral centres and peripheries are constructed within rural Russian contexts. This paper explores the ways in which both fixed, structural and constructed, personalised explanations of hardship are employed by rural people and how these relate to processes of integration into or exclusion from ‘caring’ and ‘moral’ communities. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Burla village, western Siberia, in 2008-10, and focusing primarily on the activities of the Centre for Social Assistance to Families and Children located there, the paper discusses the ways in which affiliation with the ‘moral centre’ facilitates access to both formal and informal forms of care and assistance from which those at the ‘moral periphery’ are more often excluded.     

零售商业文化建设的误区与对策

无论中国零售业承认与否,与国外零售巨子相比,我们实在相差悬殊,在商业文化建设方面更是徘徊在"古人"和"巨人"的影子下,脱离国情、脱离零售业的实际.本文从零售商业文化分析入手,分析当前零售业发展中存在的文化建设方面的误区,提出相应对策,以期对我国零售商业的发展及商业文化建设实践有所启迪.     

国家贸易救济措施的商业化运用研究

反倾销、反补贴和保障措施是世贸组织成员国所能采取的合法的贸易保护措施,但在实际运作时,贸易救济措施已经成为一些国家政府实施战略性贸易政策的手段。进口国企业借助国内相关立法,将贸易救济措施演化为企业为实现经营目标和发展战略而用来应对进口商品竞争的一种新的竞争策略。