民办高等教育发展的动因分析与对策

从制度安排论、需要驱动论和机制优势论三个方面对民办高等教育发展的主要动因进行了分析,在此基础上对民办高等教育的今后发展提出了建议。笔者认为,在充分认识市场和民办高校的作用、要求、特征、规律的基础上,政府对民办高等教育发展合理规划,以适当的方式促进和规范民办高校的运行,对民办高等教育的发展至关重要。     

以人为本的教育理念与高校德育

把学生培养成全面、协调发展的人;重视学生在教育、教学中的主体地位;尊重并合理地引导每一个学生的个性和差异性。高校德育要贯彻和落实以人为本的教育理念需要从思想认识上解决“三个统一”:德育本身是目的与手段的统一;德育对象是权利与义务的统一;德育出发点是理想与现实的统一。     

论孔子的素质教育思想

孔子的教育对象观、教育目标观、教育方法观以及他的因材施教的教育实践,都体现出素质教育的特征,我们应当重视并借鉴,以便更好地为我们今天的素质教育服务。     

大学生德育实践活动的审美转化

德育的过程是一个蕴涵美、展示美、发现美、实现美和创造美的过程。德育实践活动应当不断引导大学生去感知、体验和领悟德育过程各个环节中的美感,从而建立真正综合性、系列性、多功能的审美化的德育实践活动。     

农村老年人老化态度变动轨迹:基于积极老龄化框架的实证考察

基于积极老龄化理论框架和“中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查”面板数据,文章从积极和消极两个维度对农村老年人老化态度问题进行实证考察。研究发现,两种老化态度均以2008年为重要转折点,女性老化态度比男性更具多样性和多变性。健康、社会参与和保障都能引起老化态度的积极变动,但社会适应、子女经济支持和社区照料三个因素对消极老化态度有正向影响,而生产活动降低了积极老化态度水平。从贡献率看,健康因素对老化态度差异贡献最大,其次是保障因素、社会参与因素,健康因素更能解释积极老化态度的变化,社会参与因素对消极老化态度的贡献率更高,二者分别在女性和男性老年人群体中表现得更为明显。贡献率排在前四位的因素是精神健康、子女经济支持、医疗可及性和身体健康。用积极老龄化的观点帮助庞大的农村老年人口建立正确的老化态度将有益于养老问题的解决。     

Breaking through the silence in antenatal care: Fetal movement and stillbirth education

BackgroundFetal movements are a key indicator of fetal health. Research has established significant correlations between altered fetal activity and stillbirth. However, women are generally unaware of this relationship. Providing pregnant women with information about the importance of fetal movements could improve stillbirth rates. However, there are no consistent fetal movements awareness messages globally for pregnant women.AimsThis study aimed to explore the antenatal care experiences of Australian mothers who had recently had a live birth to determine their knowledge of fetal movements, the nature and source of that information.MethodsAn online survey method was used for 428 women who had a live birth and received antenatal care in Australia. Women’s knowledge of fetal movements, stillbirth risk, and the sources of this knowledge was explored.FindingsA large proportion of participants (84.6%; n = 362) stated they had been informed by health care professionals of the importance of fetal movements during pregnancy. Open-ended responses indicate that fetal movements messages are often myth based. Awareness that stillbirth occurs was high (95.2%; n = 398), although, 65% (n = 272) were unable to identify the current incidence of stillbirth in Australia.ConclusionWomen who received antenatal care have high-awareness of fetal movements, but the information they received was inconsistent. Participants knew stillbirth occurred but did not generally indicate they had obtained that knowledge from health care professionals. We recommend a consistent approach to fetal movements messaging throughout pregnancy which focuses on stillbirth prevention.     

Status and competitive choice

In this paper, we extend the logic of existing sociological theory on status to explain how status processes can inform selection in competitive choice situations. We argue that in the absence of knowledge about the specific abilities of others and assuming a desire to win, when given the opportunity to “pick their battles,” people will draw on overt status differences as a basis for selecting a competitor from a pool of possible competitors. Results from three studies indicate that, as predicted, status differences affect competitor selection, with individuals choosing to compete against those who are relatively lower status based on diffuse characteristics. Moreover, consistent with expectation state theories, results from two studies show that the expectations that people form for their potential competitors based on status differences mediate this relationship. We conclude by discussing the implications of this research.     

晚清留日回族学生与辛亥革命——基于“留东清真教育会”会员史迹的考察

在中国伊斯兰教和回族历史中,留东清真教育会的组建及其刊物《醒回篇》的发行,以及其爱国爱教的思想颇受后世关注,但其成员与辛亥革命的关系一直没有得到深入的研究和讨论。本文考订留东清真教育会主要成员事迹,探析其与同盟会的关系,发掘其成员归国后在各省光复运动中的表现,揭示晚清回族留日学生与辛亥革命的关联,认为该会是受孙中山民主革命思想的影响创立的一个革命团体。留东清真教育会成员的行动,体现了近代回族的文化自觉和国家认同,从一个侧面反映出民主共和观念对多民族国家少数民族发展的影响。     

人口红利、产业承接与农村劳动力就近转移——以成都城乡统筹试验区为背景

随着西部经济发展及中部地区的崛起。东部地区产业向中西部转移,中西部地区参与人口红利再分配成为必然。鉴于此。有必要及时调整农村就业政策,将农村劳动力就近转移作为一项主要的就业政策,以促进产业转移的顺利进行和人口红利的高效再分配。     

财政扶持政策对西部地区农民参加新农村合作医疗的影响——基于自然实验的研究途径

本文将对西部农民参加新农村合作医疗的财政扶持政策的实施作为一个自然实验,应用微观经济计量方法分析了财政扶持政策对西部农民参加新农村合作医疗的影响。研究结果表明,与2004年相比,2006年西部农民参加新农村合作医疗的概率增加了96.46%,说明针对西部农民参加新农村合作医疗的财政扶持政策作用效果显著。