农村合作经济组织的组织形式、问题及对策

中国农村合作经济组织良好的发展势头,已经开始把农业产业中的一部分弱势群体带动起来,使长期困扰中国农业和农村经济发展中的一些困难和问题有了新的解决思路。文章在大量的调查研究和项目实践的基础上,对我国当前农村合作经济的组织形式以及各类组织建设中存在的共性问题和个性问题进行分析,以探讨解决这些问题的对策。     

场域关联、差序嵌入与信任结构的再生产——基于华北一所科技小院的经验研究

文章试图通过分析外源型农技推广组织与农村社区长达10年互动的社会过程来呈现非先赋性信任再生产的逻辑。分析发现,外源型农技推广组织实现由外而内并不是从“外人”变为“自己人”的线性嵌入,而是在“深嵌则依附”与“浅嵌则独立”之间寻找契洽共存的身份认同与行动空间的过程。虽然外源组织囿于乡土社会中内外有别、关系本位的特性,但是其反以“关系”为策略,基于“利益”与“情感”两个维度在场域关联的空间中差序性嵌入,通过高频的人情交往和利益交换在核心家族和区位格局的次级群体上建立自身的核心圈和亲近层,借助增产增量建立组织声誉来扩散村庄整体的互惠网络,将小院院所开放成半公共空间以生产着“生-熟”的信任格局,采取差序分利和模糊雇工来平衡环境依赖和组织独立,以实现从客人到帮手、从帮手到伙伴的身份转变,最终建立组织的合法性身份与行动的合情性空间,在“能否行动”的基础上推动“行动顺畅”成为可能。这种“伙伴”身份的建立过程也再生产着具有伦理性质的信任关系,此类非先赋性的多主体、多维度、层层推进的信任结构,是外源组织嵌入乡土但是不囿于乡土的切实选择。基于此,文章认为,外源组织由外而内的实现不只是一种嵌入过程,更是一种总体性信任结构的生产过程。     

重庆南川市1068例人工流产的案例调查与分析

以重庆南川市市区三所医院１９９８ 年度１０６８ 例人工流产手术记录为样本,作者进行了调查和统计,并在分析结果的基础上提出了相应的对策     

新农村建设：解放农村生产力的又一次伟大革命

“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”是新农村建设的基本概念,也是总的要求。要建设社会主义新农村：一要以提高农民收入为中心,抓好交通、通讯建设和农村教育及医疗事业,大力推进农村工业化、城镇化、集约化进程;二要加大国家财政对农业的转移支付水平,增强反哺力度;三要提高各级政府对新农村建设的责任意识,并激发农民的主人翁意识,自力更生和艰苦奋斗精神,建设自己的美好家园。     

我国现行农村土地产权制度存在的问题及对策研究

我国目前尚存在着土地产权制度不明晰、农村土地产权制度界定不清楚、农民自我保护能力差以及反租倒包等问题,建议进一步明确农村土地产权制度的改革方向、健全法律保障体系、建立新型征地补偿机制并依法提高农民对土地产权的保护能力。     

残疾女性的生存境遇及其相关对策思考——以河南省为例

残疾女性是社会生活中亟需关注的弱势群体。残疾和女性的二重身份使得她们在社会生活中面临诸多困境。为此，需要我们积极进行对策思考，以便能帮助残疾女性尽快走出生存困境，求得更好的发展。     

生命周期理论与中国农村妇女的生命文化周期探构

20世纪后半叶,生命周期理论被广泛推广到经济社会的各个行业领域和各种职业人生的规划。中国是一个人口和土地面积大国,行政、地理、历史、文化区域交错,各个区域妇女的生存发展状况总体有共同性,但不同区域有所不同。农村妇女的生命周期与家庭紧密联系,以家庭生命周期理论作为主要参考,可以发现20世纪40年代出生的目前是60～70岁农村妇女和20世纪60年代出生的目前是45～55岁农村妇女的生命周期各为八个阶段。分析其特点,带有明显的时代特征。     

Women in Congregations and Social Service Provisions

Abstract

The role of women in American congregations is a topic that has gained attention in the past twenty years. The majority of work has focused on leadership and clergy roles and the willingness, or reluctance of, denominations to ordain women. In this article, we report on women as members, lay-leaders, and clergy in Philadelphia congregations, and we assess the factors that explain the rate of women in any of these roles. We find that regardless of the advancement in many areas of society, women are still the majority members yet are a minority among the clergy. Finally, we study how the gender composition of members, lay-leaders, and clergy explain the congregation's involvement in social service provisions. In this respect, gender composition of members, lay-leaders, and clergy made little impact on the congregational social service involvement. A variety of explanations are provided to account for women's little impact in this domain.     

Revisiting the model of creative destruction: St. Jacobs,Ontario, a decade later

Ten years ago, the model of creative destruction was developed to predict the fate of communities that base their development on the commodification of rural heritage (Mitchell, C.J.A., 1998. Entrepreneurialism, commodification and creative destruction: a model of post-modern community development. Journal of Rural Studies 14, 273–286). Its application to the village of St. Jacobs, Canada, demonstrated that entrepreneurial investment had fostered the creation of a setting for aestheticized consumption. In this paper we demonstrate that creative destruction has continued to unfold in the village over the course of the past decade. The evolutionary path taken is assessed in light of current literature on rural space. It is concluded that to fully understand the transformative process, one must integrate the demands of myriad sub-cultures, whose social relations, ideologies and actions will contribute to the development of a contested landscape of consumption. This finding necessitates that modifications be made to the model and its various stages. The most significant is recognition that the “heritage-scape” is an interim state of landscape change; one that displaces the productivist landscape of the industrial period, and precedes the creation of the “neo-productivist” leisure-scape of post-industrialism. Whether or not such a “final” state is achieved is dictated by the power struggle that inevitably arises amongst sub-cultures engaged in the transformation of rural space.