西部地区农户资金借贷实证分析 ———以陕西省248 户调查为例

通过对陕西248家农户资金借贷现状的实证分析,发现西部地区农户对于资金借贷需求逐年上升;农户资金借贷主要来源是民间金融,而从正规金融机构贷款比例逐年提高;借贷资金主要投向于资金需求较大的生活消费项目和投资回报率较高的非农领域及高效农业项目,总体上生活性借款比重有所增加而生产性借款比重有所下降。文章针对西部地区农户资金借贷特征及存在的问题,提出了相应的政策建议。     

全面整合繁荣农村经济

全面繁荣农村经济决定于农村全面整合。农村全面整合是包括结构调整、产业组织整合、技术进步、制度进化、金融整合、财政整合、市场整合和社会福利整合的协调一致化。利用1986～2003年国家统计年鉴数据,采用因子分析方法,经检验得出:(1)农村各项治理措施是相关的,由此奠定了农村全面整合的基础;(2)实行全面整合繁荣农村经济举措可改善治理结构,提高治理绩效弹性。随着全面整合程度的逐渐增强,农村经济繁荣程度逐步提高。采取全面整合举措是全面繁荣农村经济的最佳选择;(3)在实施全面整合繁荣农村经过程中,应继续加强农村经济结构调整、市场整合、技术进步、社会福利整合和财政整合同时,重点解决农村金融问题,积极稳妥地进行农村金融改革,大力推进制度进化和产业组织整合的进程。     

Micropolitics of race and ethnicity in women's prisons in two political contexts

Research over the past two decades has focused on the topic of race as important for understanding order and compliance in men's prisons. However, relatively little research considers how subjective understandings of imprisonment are influenced by race, particularly in the case of women prisoners. The current study analyses 139 interviews conducted with women prisoners in California and England in order to determine how race and ethnicity shape prisoners' experiences and abilities to cope with institutional confinement. Findings suggest that women's understandings of their racial identities differ substantially in these two contexts. In California, where the conditions of confinement are more extreme and white women assume a minority status, racial identity emerges as a salient factor in coping with the adversities of prison life. By contrast, in England, it is the women of colour, and particularly foreign nationals, who have a greater appreciation of the role of race and ethnicity in their daily lives. These findings have implications for our understanding of how prisoners draw on their lived experiences to make sense of their carceral worlds.     

论社会转型期新农村文化理念的提升

社会转型期新农村文化理念提升的必要性基于我国农村文化的现状和我国现代化的需要。对于这一理念的提升，在理论层面和实践层面上都有可能性。通过思想上教育农民使之了解、认识新农村文化理念；通过生活方式的改进，使新农村新的文化理念潜移默化地渗入到农民日常生活实践中，是新农村文化理念提升的主要途径。     

Narratives and self-identity in later life: Two rural American older women

Older adults often draw on memories to construct stories about themselves that help them to retain and validate their self-identities, doing this within the cultural contexts that have shaped their lives. In this paper, we examine the life history narratives of two working class, rural American older women and the ways in which those narratives are similar despite one major difference: one has dementia. In both cases, major themes that are consistent with gender-based, working class, rural American cultural values are dominant, including closeness of family, hard work, ties to the land, and religious faith. In the first case, she reconstructs memories of her life in accordance with dominant cultural and personal values, downplaying the ways in which her experiences were “out of step” with these values. In the second case, her sense of identity remains and is expressed through her co-constructed memories although she is experiencing cognitive loss.     

试析和谐理念视野下乡村旅游的开发

在乡村旅游的发展中引发了许多矛盾,本文从对传统的和谐观进行论述,进而主张把传统的和谐观引入到乡村旅游中,去缓解其中的矛盾,实现和谐的乡村旅游就为建设社会主义和谐社会奠定了基础。     

Politics and Identity in Cyberspace

This paper reports on an exploratory study of the use of new technologies by the rural women's group Australian Women in Agriculture (AWiA). Data from interviews with twenty members of AWiA and an analysis of organizational documents, including a number of messages posted on the group's discussion list, are used to examine the extent to which cyberspace offers a new space for political engagement for women's activism. The experiences of AWiA members offer some cause for optimism. Geographically dispersed and excluded from male-dominated public agricultural arenas, the women of AWiA have constructed a technosocial landscape that facilitates the active dissemination of information, which has been used to advance a political agenda for farming women. However, there is evidence that less powerful actors within the network whose preference was for more social discussion on the list have been marginalized in the process. For these women, space for political engagement online has been limited on the AWiA discussion list. In conclusion, the paper draws attention to the new research questions that have emerged from this study.     

试析回族妇女的抗日活动

回族妇女抗战活动是中国人民抗日战争和世界反法西斯战争的重要组成部分.本文从民族学、女性学的视角阐述了1937-1945年回族妇女的抗战活动,力求为抗日战争研究和回族妇女研究提供一定的参考.     

农户固体废弃物排放行为影响因素研究

农村固体废弃物的排放,不仅对大气、水以及土壤环境产生严重破坏,而且也会间接损害人体健康。文章以农户固体废弃物排放行为为切入点,探讨我国农村固体废弃物排放行为的影响因素。在充分了解农户固体废弃物排放行为的相关理论的基础上,基于计划行为理论(TPB),构建了农户固体废弃物排放行为的概念模型,并以山东省农户调查为实证,运用结构方程模型,对模型的相关假设进行了检验。研究发现:调查地区农户固体废弃物排放行为受到农户固体废弃物行为意愿的直接影响,而农户固体废弃物排放行为意愿主要受农户固体废弃物排放行为态度的影响,较少受到外部因素的影响。     

协同治理型群众组织与“乡政村治”体制转轨

我国乡村治理中近年来出现的一种由政府积极培育和扶持广泛参与乡村治理事务并且具有深厚群众基础的新型社会组织,对乡村治理体制产生了显著影响。本文以山东新泰平安协会和广东云浮自然村乡贤理事会为案例,分析这种新型社会组织对乡村治理体制的影响。通过对两个案例的归纳发现,二者具有职能上的治理性、组织上的群众性和运作上的协同性三个显著特征,并由此决定了它们既不同于准政府组织,也不同于非政府组织。本文用“协同治理型群众组织”来概括这种社会组织,并且分析认为协同治理型群众组织嵌入到当前乡村治理体制中,搭建了政府与社会良性互动的平台,实现了自治与行政的合理分工与有效衔接,从而推动了“乡政村治”的体制性转轨。