宪法实施与和谐社会构建——对宪法司法适用的探讨

社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性和核心价值.宪法秩序是和谐社会的必然要求,宪法追求的价值--社会发展是和谐社会充满活力的源泉、宪法制度所体现的公平正义是和谐社会的基本条件.探讨司法机关在私法领域内适用宪法的理论和实践、司法机关在公法领域内适用宪法的问题、宪法司法适用的规则、完善宪法的司法适用,对当前构建社会主义和谐社会意义重大.     

Children’s Time Use: Labor Divisions and Schooling in Indonesia

Data from the Worker and Iron Status Evaluation are used to examine gendered patterns in children’s time in market and nonmarket work, schooling, and leisure in Indonesia (N= 2,929). Boys spend more time in market work; girls spend more time in nonmarket work. Work responsibilities increase with age as well as gender differentials in children’s time use. By age 18, girls spend nearly 1 more hour per day working and enjoy significantly less leisure time, but the gender gap in schooling is not significant, suggesting that parents and children are committed to both work and schooling. Additionally, Tobit regression results suggest that parents’ education, household income, and rural residency are important predictors of children’s labor and schooling time.     

美国的多元宗教概述及成因分析

美国是个多元宗教并存发展的社会,整个宗教种类繁多、宗派林立。但就其源流,多属希伯来———基督教文化传统的犹太教和由基督教发展而来的天主教和新教,在这三大主流派系中,新教占主要优势。促成美国多元宗教并存发展的原因有三:美国民族多样性是客观条件,基督教思想是内在动力,而美国宪法是根本保障。     

从《走遍美国》审视中美文化取向差异及渊源

以《走遍美国》为切入点,重新审视在跨文化背景下中美文化在时序观、时间观、价值观等方面的差异及渊源,可以看出在语言教学中加强文化因素的输入,加深学生对目标语文化与本族语文化之间差异的认识非常重要。     

“家庭暴力”之法律概念解析

我国2001年修订的《婚姻法》虽然明确规定"禁止家庭暴力",但并未给予定义;随后《最高人民法院关于适用〈婚姻法〉若干问题解释(一)》虽对"家庭暴力"给予定义,但与国际公约等法律文件相比存在许多不足。这不仅大大削弱了反家庭暴力的力度,而且也不利于保护受害者的权利。由此可见,只有对家庭暴力的主体、客体、方式、程度和行为环境的范围进行深入分析,才能准确界定和在法律上表述家庭暴力的概念,从而为我国反家庭暴力立法提供参考。     

宪法效力方法论研究——一种原理·问题模式的认识角度

宪法的生命在于宪法的实行,宪法的实行是宪法效力的外在表现,宪法效力是宪政理论和实践的核心问题,对宪法效力的研究关系到我国宪政体系的构建.很多时候我们仅将宪法效力归结为一句抽象的"最高法律效力"就匆匆了事,笼统含混地思考如此重大的问题,的确缺乏一种细致地划分目标、区分不同的制度功能以及确定它们之间复杂联系的耐心和决心.宪法效力分层是对宪法效力的立体研究,包括宪法效力的分类和由每一种分类导引而出的问题,遵循"原理-问题"模式,提出研究宪法效力的一种新方法,以求抛砖引玉,对我国宪法效力问题的研究有所裨益.     

中国宪法学研究方向之我见

宪法学的基本理论问题是中国宪法学研究的薄弱环节,在这方面我们目前的努力主要是吸收国外先进的成果,一时还难有创新。中国宪法学者首先应当关心的是中国的宪政问题,尤其是当前的宪政问题。中国宪法学者应逐步树立一种独立思考的学术品格,以探询宪政发展之客观规律。     

Political confrontation over fiscal processes: The impact of the U.S. Congressional Budget Act

In July 1974 the U.S. Congressional Budget Act was signed into law. This legislation was the result of a heavily fought political confrontation between President Nixon and Congress over who controlled the Federal budget. In addition to the issue of control, the Act was prompted by dissatisfaction with the procedures used by Congress to determine Federal receipts and expenditures. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact this legislation had on the U.S. economy in its early years.The first section of the paper sets up a simple modeling framework. The model is specified so as to illustrate how a change in the budget process resulting from the Congressional Budget Act could potentially produce changes in the level of total output. This section also explains the derivation of a tax and expenditure series used in the model's empirical testing. The second section addresses some of the theoretical issues, and presents the results of simulations based on the Chase, Wharton, and Data Resources econometric models. Broad conclusions are gathered in the final section.     

美国在日韩邦交正常化谈判中的作用（1951-1965）

日韩邦交正常化谈判(1951-1965)历时长达14年之久,不可避免地受到国际环境的影响,尤其受到美国东北亚战略的影响。反之,日韩会谈也从一个侧面反映了东北亚冷战格局的演变。探讨美国在日韩邦交正常化谈判中的作用,可以分析美国为什么“搭台”以及如何“搭台”的。     

MFN tariff treatment of imports from China: Effects on U.S. employment

This article estimates the effects on U.S. output and employment of granting most-favored-nation (MFN) tariff treatment to imports from the People's Republic of China (PRC). Import demand elasticities are used to estimate changes in imports resulting from the lower tariff rates. A highly disaggregated U.S. input-output table and labor-output ratios are used to convert changes in imports into changes in domestic output and employment at a detailed sectorial level. U.S. import restraints on the textile and apparel industry are incorporated into the analysis. The article explores the implications of increased imports from the PRC for U.S., PRC, and LDC policy makers.