From Adversaries to Allies: Relief Workers' Attitudes Toward the US Military

Although soldiers and relief workers traditionally have engaged in conflicting missions—killing versus saving lives—recent peacekeeping operations have required the two groups to work together on humanitarian efforts. Interviews with aid workers in Bosnia and in Haiti reveal that this traditionally antimilitary population has come to support military interventions in their regions. They have developed a cooperative relationship with the military despite lingering doubts and persistent cultural differences. This recent shift in attitudes demonstrates that the concept of task cohesion, developed from studies of small-group dynamics, can be applied at the organizational level. Organizations that share a common goal and that depend on one another to reach that goal can develop a cooperative relationship and yet retain distinct organizational memberships and cultures.     

Performance evaluation based on multiple attributes with nonparametric frontiers

Performance rating and comparison of a group of entities is frequently based on the values of several attributes. Such evaluations are often complicated by the absence of a natural or obvious way to weight the importance of the individual dimensions of the performance. This paper proposes a framework based on nonparametric frontiers to rate and classify entities described by multiple performance attributes into ‘performers’ and ‘underperformers’. The method is equivalent to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with entities defined only by outputs. In the spirit of DEA, the weights for each attribute are selected to maximize each entity’s performance score. This approach, however, results in a new linear program that is more direct and intuitive than traditional DEA formulations. The model can be easily understood and interpreted by practitioners since it conforms better to the practice of evaluating and comparing performance using standard specifications. We illustrate the model’s use with two examples. The first evaluates the performance of employees. The second is an application in manufacturing where multiple quality attributes are used to assess and compare performance of different manufacturing processes.     

唐西州里正铨拟、上直与县吏分片管理制度①

唐朝立国不久,就废止了乡正长,里正长成为地方基层管理的重要力役。吐鲁番出土文书反映,唐朝铨拟里正的过程具有一定的规范性。为了保证政令及时传达、对乡村事务及时了解和处理,唐代实行了里正上直及县吏分片管理制度。     

关于我军建立新闻发布制度的若干思考

我国正经历着从政务公开到党务公开的历史性转变。而军务公开的问题,也随着这一历史性的转变,历史地展现在了我们的面前。军务公开的一个重要方面,就是要尽快地建立我军的新闻发布制度。这既是我军(中国人民解放军)推进现代化建设的需要,更是我军提升软实力的需要。本文从我军新闻发布制度的历史发展,我军新闻发布体系的全面构建以及我军新闻发布制度的人才战略三个方面,对我军如何建立新闻发布制度问题,进行了全面的思考和深入的论述。本文将对我军新闻发布制度的理论建设和运作实践,提供重要的智力支持。     

市场经济与中国共产党执政能力建设

市场经济对中国共产党来说是一个全新的课题。不断提高党驾驭市场经济的能力是加强党的执政能力的重要内容,也是关系着党执政合法性的大问题。因此,要正确处理驾驭市场经济能力与党执政的合法性、党的先进性及党的奋斗目标之间的关系,并从抓住经济建设中心、坚持市场机制优势与社会主义制度优越性的结合、进一步完善党领导经济工作的体制、机制和方式等等方面去加强党驾驭市场经济的能力建设。     

论专门用途英语专业教师与通用英语教师教学合作模式

专门用途英语在培养专业人才方面的作用毋庸置疑。通过对专门用途英语教学现状的考察和反思,分析其存在的弊端,提出专门用途英语专业教师与通用英语教师合作的具体模式,指出双方可以在语言描写、交际情景分析、需求分析以及教学大纲编写等五个方面加强合作,以期提高专门用途英语的教学水平;     

浅谈语言学发展对第二语言教学的影响

本文认为第二语言教育者,只能通吸取各家的精华见解,创造适合己用的教学方式,促进第二语言教学的发展。     

浅论提单的合同性

在国际货物买卖中,提单是被广泛使用的单据,其便利和快捷使其能极大的促进国际贸易的迅速发展。由于其得以发挥作用的价值所在乃法律所赋予它的功能,而确定提单关系的法律性质则是使其功能得以发挥的前提。然对此,目前学界尚存争议。笔者认为,无论从形式意义上还是实质意义上提单都彰显了一种意思自治的契约关系,故其应为一种合同。     

今本《大唐新语》非伪书辨--与吴冠文女士商榷

吴冠文《关于今本"<大唐新语>"的真伪问题》一文提出了今本《大唐新语》是明人伪造的观点,这一观点值得商榷。《澹生堂书目》将《大唐新语》与《唐世说新语》分别著录在两个不同的类目,是因为采用了互著法,与真伪问题无涉;《玄赏斋书目》是伪书目,不足为证。宋代类书《太平广记》、《太平御览》等所征引的《大唐新语》在今本中几乎都保存下来了,并没有有意删削的痕迹;今本《大唐新语》与《何氏语林》中所引《大唐新语》不一致,是因为何良俊在引书过程中的删改和失误所形成的。今本《大唐新语》中有与刘肃之后所出书《唐书新语》相同的文字内容,应当是《唐书新语》采用了《大唐新语》,或二者同出一源。没有任何证据表明今本《大唐新语》是伪书。     

我国新股发行定价的市场化改革的政策效应

随着我国新股发行定价市场化改革的推进,新股发行市盈率和价格有所提高,然而一、二级市场的巨大价差并未得以缩小,反而有所提高,这是与缩小一、二级市场价差的改革初衷相违背的。同时,市场化改革还导致企业超额募集资金,并且出现流通股比例最小化的趋向,因而必须采取相应措施来进一步提高新股发行定价市场化改革的政策效应。