MML clustering of multi-state,Poisson, von Mises circular and Gaussian distributions

Minimum Message Length (MML) is an invariant Bayesian point estimation technique which is also statistically consistent and efficient. We provide a brief overview of MML inductive inference (Wallace C.S. and Boulton D.M. 1968. Computer Journal, 11: 185–194; Wallace C.S. and Freeman P.R. 1987. J. Royal Statistical Society (Series B), 49: 240–252; Wallace C.S. and Dowe D.L. (1999). Computer Journal), and how it has both an information-theoretic and a Bayesian interpretation. We then outline how MML is used for statistical parameter estimation, and how the MML mixture modelling program, Snob (Wallace C.S. and Boulton D.M. 1968. Computer Journal, 11: 185–194; Wallace C.S. 1986. In: Proceedings of the Nineteenth Australian Computer Science Conference (ACSC-9), Vol. 8, Monash University, Australia, pp. 357–366; Wallace C.S. and Dowe D.L. 1994b. In: Zhang C. et al. (Eds.), Proc. 7th Australian Joint Conf. on Artif. Intelligence. World Scientific, Singapore, pp. 37–44. See http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/-dld/Snob.html) uses the message lengths from various parameter estimates to enable it to combine parameter estimation with selection of the number of components and estimation of the relative abundances of the components. The message length is (to within a constant) the logarithm of the posterior probability (not a posterior density) of the theory. So, the MML theory can also be regarded as the theory with the highest posterior probability. Snob currently assumes that variables are uncorrelated within each component, and permits multi-variate data from Gaussian, discrete multi-category (or multi-state or multinomial), Poisson and von Mises circular distributions, as well as missing data. Additionally, Snob can do fully-parameterised mixture modelling, estimating the latent class assignments in addition to estimating the number of components, the relative abundances of the parameters and the component parameters. We also report on extensions of Snob for data which has sequential or spatial correlations between observations, or correlations between attributes.     

An Empirical Taxonomy of SOE Governance in Transitional China

China’s State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) traditionally have been governed by the Communist Party. Privatization has brought greater numbers of investors who have a stake and demand a voice in how SOEs are managed. Three traditional governance perspectives are agency theory, resource dependence, and institutional theory, but China’s transition introduces several additional governance approaches. Are “capitalism with Chinese characteristics” and “bureaucratic entrepreneurialism” paradoxes? Based on initial interviews of SOE executives, a survey of top managers and board chairs of listed companies, and subsequent interviews and observations in select case companies, this paper develop a taxonomy of SOE governance that now exists in China. Two of the approaches represent the extremes of the old state-centered regimes and the new shareholder-centered regimes. Considering China’s historical and cultural contexts coupled with its current stage of economic transition, two additional approaches to corporate governance are to have a vacuum as neither the state nor shareholders dominate or – in unique contrast to other countries – a hybrid of both.     

解读近年来中国大陆家庭伦理剧中的“第三者”想像

从电视剧类型的特征看，近年来中国大陆家庭伦理剧对“第三者”想像日呈类型化特点。这一特点不仅影响了家庭伦理剧对第三者想像的艺术创新，同时也给社会道德带来了一定的负面影响。本文从情节设置、人物角色安排两个方面分析描述了近年来家庭伦理剧对第三者想像的类型化特点，并对形成这种特点的原因作了一些揭示，对今后家庭伦理剧如何想像“第三者”做出一些思考。     

错误分析对大学英语低年级教学的启示

学习者的语言错误总是令教师关注。采用Freeman的分类方法,对大学一年级新生在课堂上出现的语言错误进行了归类分析,并对错误的原因进行初探。通过错误分析,提出了大学英语低年级教学应注意的问题。     

Integrating Software into PRA: A Software-Related Failure Mode Taxonomy

Probabilistic risk assessment is a methodology to assess the probability of failure or success of a mission. Results provided by the risk assessment methodology are used to make decisions concerning choice of upgrades, scheduling of maintenance, decision to launch, etc. However, current PRA neglects the contribution of software to the risk of failure of the mission. Our research has developed a methodology to account for the impact of software to system failure. This article focuses on an element of the approach: a comprehensive taxonomy of software-related failure modes. Application of the taxonomy is discussed in this article. A validation of the taxonomy and conclusions drawn from this validation effort are described. Future research is also summarized.     

莫扎诺的教育目标新分类法评介

莫扎诺的新分类法不同于布鲁姆的分类法。新分类法的基础是心理理论 ,心理结构被分为认知系统、元认知系统、自我系统三个层次 ,教育目标被分为知识检索、理解、分析、知识运用、元认知、自我系统的思维六个水平。新分类的合理性和适用性增强了 ,它强调元认知和自我系统的思维 ,对培养学生的自我调节能力具有重要意义。     

汉文佛教图书的分类编目问题

中国汉文佛教图书在现行的图书分类法中显现出一些不足之处。我们应通盘考虑,尽可能地突破各种大藏经的窠臼,在“香光法”和“改定本”的基础上,编辑一部较为准确的反映佛教图书分类的专业性分类法。     

自然类词项的意义与指称--基于分类学实践的考察

分类学实践包含鉴定和建立分类系统两个环节，诸如虎(Panthera tigris)这样的自然类词项既可指称一个鉴定的对象，也可表示某种分类系统的一个范畴。前者是自然类词项的指示词用法，后者则是自然类词项的概念用法。基于对自然类词项两种用法的区别，可以比较自然地解决某些语义学问题。     

A review of parallel processing for statistical computation

Parallel computers differ from conventional serial computers in that they can, in a variety of ways, perform more than one operation at a time. Parallel processing, the application of parallel computers, has been successfully utilized in many fields of science and technology. The purpose of this paper is to review efforts to use parallel processing for statistical computing. We present some technical background, followed by a review of the literature that relates parallel computing to statistics. The review material focuses explicitly on statistical methods and applications, rather than on conventional mathematical techniques. Thus, most of the review material is drawn from statistics publications. We conclude by discussing the nature of the review material and considering some possibilities for the future.     

促进大学生深度学习的评价体系研究

培养大学生深度学习能力是我国高校提升人才培养质量的关键,是教育教学改革的重点.学生的课程学业评价是引导学生深度学习的重要手段.促进学习的评价是在形成性评价的基础上发展起来的新概念,是目前教育发达国家在教学评价改革中极力推行的评价方式.文章从深度学习认知和深度学习情感两个维度,基于促进学习的评价理念,分别运用比格斯的SOLO分类法和豪恩斯坦的情感目标分类法,构建了深度学习评价体系.