存在型强势主位结构的语篇功能

本文旨在探讨存在型强势主位结构(即"存在(小)句"或"存在结构")的语篇功能。本研究表明,除了在"话语修复"中的"更正功能"外,该结构主要有三大功能:语篇发起功能、语篇延续功能和语篇总结功能。语篇发起功能又可分为三类:引入主题功能、铺设场景功能、标明体裁(及同时引入主题)功能。语篇延续功能又可分为九类:(1)发展主题功能;(2)预示话题转换功能;(3)突出典型事例功能;(4)着重确认功能;(5)列举功能;(6)提醒功能;(7)建议功能;(8)补偿(信息)功能;(9)评价功能。所有这些语篇功能最终被绘制成一个分类表。     

A variability taxonomy to support automation decision-making for manufacturing processes

Abstract

Although many manual operations have been replaced by automation in the manufacturing domain in various industries, skilled operators still carry out critical manual tasks such as final assembly. The business case for automation in these areas is difficult to justify due to increased complexity and costs arising out of process variabilities associated with those tasks. The lack of understanding of process variability in automation design means that industrial automation often does not realize the full benefits at the first attempt, resulting in the need to spend additional resource and time, to fully realize the potential. This article describes a taxonomy of variability when considering the automation of manufacturing processes. Three industrial case studies were analyzed to develop the proposed taxonomy. The results obtained from the taxonomy are discussed with a further case study to demonstrate its value in supporting automation decision-making.     

山东省土壤系统分类试拟

根据山东省土壤发生特点及属性,采用诊断层和诊断特性,对山东土壤进行诊断分类,并试拟山东省土壤系统分类,共划有土纲4个,亚纲11个,土类16个,亚类47个。