公示语汉语地名及英译的转喻解读

以公示语汉语地名及其英译为研究对象,以转喻认知机制为理论基础,尝试对转喻进行重新分类,进而以公示语地名及其翻译的汉英词汇结构为例,考察转喻机制在语料中的操作模式和解释力。研究发现：1）所有公示语地名都是定中名词结构,包括名名定中和形名定中两类;2）公示语地名构词要素,包括专属词汇和通用词汇,其中专属词汇结合是概念和语义混搭的结果,汉语读音和英译拼音之间存在基于语音象似性的转喻机制;3）通用词汇组成的公示语地名中,部分显示指称转喻现象,汉英均是“名1+名2”或“形+名”定中结构顺序,其他地名不存在明显转喻机制,英译时呈现“名1+名2”和“名1 of 名2”两种形式。     

论语言事件句型中心

根据众多的语法研究著作,以历时和共时语言视角分析表明:句型是语言的中心。从语言结构的认知功能视角分析认为:事件句型是语言表达功能的载体,是形式与功能的实体,是语言的核心。语言知识是事件句型的形式和意义匹配的知识,是以事件句型为中心的知识。因此,从语言的内部结构、修辞和认知功能视角研究和分析英语基本句型的事件句型规律,能揭示语言的本质规律,是学习和应用语言的有效途径。     

Political and organizational preconditions for application of the standards for educational evaluation : The standards for educational evaluation seen in a wider perspective in relation to policy making and organization

Some of the standards for educational evaluation refer to the political and organizational context in which evaluation projects take place: “conflicting interests,” “political viability,” and various standards which have to do with the identification of the evaluation object and of the most important groups and persons involved. Whereas the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation seems to focus on the level of the individual research project, the present authors feel that in addition, contextual influences on evaluations should be analyzed at a higher level of aggregation. Political and organizational factors at the macro level can even be seen as preconditions for the application of the standards at project level. This point of view is illustrated by referring to a study of the functioning of evaluation research within some innovative programs in Dutch education.     

Joint regression modeling for missing categorical covariates in generalized linear models

Missing covariates data is a common issue in generalized linear models (GLMs). A model-based procedure arising from properly specifying joint models for both the partially observed covariates and the corresponding missing indicator variables represents a sound and flexible methodology, which lends itself to maximum likelihood estimation as the likelihood function is available in computable form. In this paper, a novel model-based methodology is proposed for the regression analysis of GLMs when the partially observed covariates are categorical. Pair-copula constructions are used as graphical tools in order to facilitate the specification of the high-dimensional probability distributions of the underlying missingness components. The model parameters are estimated by maximizing the weighted log-likelihood function by using an EM algorithm. In order to compare the performance of the proposed methodology with other well-established approaches, which include complete-cases and multiple imputation, several simulation experiments of Binomial, Poisson and Normal regressions are carried out under both missing at random and non-missing at random mechanisms scenarios. The methods are illustrated by modeling data from a stage III melanoma clinical trial. The results show that the methodology is rather robust and flexible, representing a competitive alternative to traditional techniques.     

从致使语义看处置式的发展演变及其机制

为研究哪些处置式可以表达致使语义,如何表达致使语义,运用认知语言学的观点,界定致使语义和致使表达之后,通过梳理文献,运有语义分析的方法,探讨汉语史中处置式的发展轨迹,将处置式和述补结构、使役句作对比,分析汉语致使表达的整体格局,指出处置式中有哪些小类表达致使语义以及各种致使表达之间的关系。研究认为,汉语的处置式经历了“处置动作-处置动作+结果-处置结果”的历时发展;在这一过程中,并非所有处置式都能表达致使语义,只有带结果补语的狭义处置式和致使义处置式才属于致使表达;在表达致使语义时,这几类处置式和述补结构、使役句相比,在“NP1有意/无意”和“被使事件已然/未然”两项参数上有区别,彼此形成分工;处置式是一种不断发展壮大的句式,其核心语义是“处置动作对宾语的完全控制”,最初表达处置的动作,随后逐渐可以表达处置的结果,随着这种变化,有几类处置式逐渐可以表达致使语义。     

英汉中间结构句法语义对比分析

英汉中间结构具有该结构的典型特征,两者之间既有共同点又有差异:它们所表述的基本语义特征是相同的.但汉语因其语言的特殊语法规则具有独特的句法和语义特征.它们的差异是由英汉语不同的语言属性决定的.     

“自我”与“差异化”在近代广告叙事中的多重建构

中国近代广告叙事对差异化的建构不仅仅是为了推销产品,塑造品牌形象,更为深层的是表征这种差异化的那些意义生产过程。它所要传达的是一种复杂的自我建构意向。有多种要素介入并影响了此过程:产品、文字、声音、影像、识别标记、行动者,以及建构它们或者由它们衍生的各种符号、象征和意识形态。因为意义总是处于不断生成和再造之中,而表征也是多脉络地往返于不同符号的所指链和能指链之间。自我被表征的同时,也在起着主动的表征作用。这种相互建构的过程既是在具体的文本和叙事中显现的,同时也关联到场境外更大的社会历史过程。正是不同力量之间协商和共谋,意义之间邂逅和抵达、区隔和平衡促成了自我的多重影像。     

违章建筑背后的理性逻辑来自厦门市城中村的人类学调查和思考

以人类学主位研究为视角,厦门城中村实地调查为基础,对私房建筑（违章建筑）的投资行为进行深入描述和分析,发掘城中村强建、乱建以及建筑物异化、相互模仿等社会现象背后的理性逻辑,从而加深我们对违章建筑形成的理解,反思以往对违章建筑研究的片面性。