大学生学习动机的调查与培养

目前，由于受社会、环境、教育条件的制约，及大学生自身的影响，大学生的学习动机呈现复杂、多样的特点，学习效果并不理想。因此，从大学生学习动机的内涵、结构方面进行分析，以培养大学生正确的学生动机，对于改进大学生的学习现状具有重要的意义。     

Perspectives of inclusive education in Russia

This paper discusses the issues of exclusion and inclusion of children with disabilities in educational policies. The background and context for inclusion in Russia is described, with a short overview of the history of special education and with the emphasis on the current legislative conditions for inclusion. The article analyzes peculiarities of the hidden curriculum in a Russian boarding school for children with disabilities, and discusses the ways in which special education constructs the students’ identities. In particular, practices of socialization in an educational institution for children with motor impairments are considered using the qualitative methodology of ethnographic observation and interviews. In addition, the attitudes of contemporary mainstream school students towards the idea of inclusive education are explored and a case of integration of a disabled child into a regular school setting is considered. Finally, the authors outline some policy recommendations and the prospects for inclusion.     

试论审计抽样的统计学原理——属性抽样

本文以审计实质重于统计方法的观点,研究统计抽样原理如何适从审计实务的要求,实现两个学科理论的输出和引进的科学对接。     

What Do Happy People Do?

Little attention in the quality-of-life literature has been paid to data on the daily activity patterns of happy and less happy people. Using ratings-scale information from time-diary studies, this article examines the hypothesis that people who describe themselves as happier engage in certain activities more than those who describe themselves as less happy. Based on 34 years of data collected by the General Social Survey (GSS) on social activities and media usage, it is found that people who are happy report being more active in most social activities, in religion and in newspaper reading. On the other hand, happier people report less time watching television, a relation that holds after control for education, marital status and other predictors of happiness. The need to replicate these findings using panel data is highlighted.     

On the robustness of weighted methods for fitting models to case–control data

Summary. We compare the robustness under model misspecification of two approaches to fitting logistic regression models with unmatched case–control data. One is the standard survey approach based on weighted versions of population estimating equations. The other is the likelihood-based approach that is standard in medical applications. The conventional view is that the (less efficient) survey-weighted approach leads to greater robustness. We conclude that this view is not always justified.     

Evaluation of adjustments for partial non-response bias in the US National Immunization Survey

Summary.  Many health surveys conduct an initial household interview to obtain demographic information and then request permission to obtain detailed information on health outcomes from the respondent's health care providers. A 'complete response' results when both the demographic information and the detailed health outcome data are obtained. A 'partial response' results when the initial interview is complete but, for one reason or another, the detailed health outcome information is not obtained. If 'complete responders' differ from 'partial responders' and the proportion of partial responders in the sample is at least moderately large, statistics that use only data from complete responders may be severely biased. We refer to bias that is attributable to these differences as 'partial non-response' bias. In health surveys it is customary to adjust survey estimates to account for potential differences by employing adjustment cells and weighting to reduce bias from partial response. Before making these adjustments, it is important to ask whether an adjustment is expected to increase or decrease bias from partial non-response. After making these adjustments, an equally important question is 'How well does the method of adjustment work to reduce partial non-response bias?'. The paper describes methods for answering these questions. Data from the US National Immunization Survey are used to illustrate the methods.     

商丘市老年社会福利事业的调研和建议

老年社会福利是社会福利体系中的重要组成部分,本文选择了河南豫东地区为样本,对该地区老年社会福利事业的发展现状进行调研,并提出建议,以期为有关部门制订相关政策提供参考。     

Statistical Education for Engineers: An Initial Task Force Report

This article describes a method for producing size-biased probability samples as originally proposed by Hanurav (1967) and Vijayan (1968). The complexity of the procedure has led to the development of microcomputer software that greatly facilitates the production of sampling plans as well as the computation of population estimates.     

Management of Electronic Serials in Academic Libraries: The Results of an Online Survey

This article presents the results of an online survey of academic librarians conducted in 2011 on the topic of electronic serials management. Since online journals had by 2011 become a major part of academic library serials collections, a central objective of this survey was to explore whether this had led to any degree of standardization in online serials management procedures across academic libraries. The focus of the survey was generally on issues affecting technical services, specifically exploring the impact of electronic serials on collection development, library staffing, and serials management tools. The responses to the survey did not reflect any significant level of uniformity among these libraries in any of these areas, suggesting that libraries primarily take into account the needs of their own institutions when formulating procedures for managing online serials.     

Estimating Gross Labor-Force Flows

We present and apply an adjustment procedure for the Bureau of the Census and Bureau of Labor Statistics gross labor-force flows data that addresses two major defects in the data. First, an adjustment procedure is developed to take account of individuals with missing labor-force classifications who are not missing at random. Second, we provide a procedure for adjustment for individuals with spurious labor-force transitions arising because of classification errors in either the current or the previous Current Population Survey. Our procedures are applied to compute adjusted monthly gross change data for the period January 1977–December 1982. The average adjustment for nonrandom missing classifications ranges from –12% to 15% of the unadjusted gross change data. The average adjustment for spurious labor-force transitions reduces estimated movements by 8%–49%. The classification adjustment also increases estimated consecutive periods of unemployment by 18%. We apply several internal and external consistency checks to our procedure. In general, the adjustments appear reasonable. We also suggest some modifications of Current Population Survey procedures that could reduce the use of ex post adjustment procedures in the future.