高职高专非英语专业引入英美概况教学的改革与探索

本文探讨在高职高专非英语专业引入英美概况教学的可行性,并结合本院的情况探索从教材的选用、授课的方式和手段等方面提了改进的方法。     

试论当代大学生忧患意识的培养——以《中国近现代史纲要》课程为考察中心

对当代大学生进行忧患意识教育,既是继承中国优秀文化传统的需要,同时又是现实发展的必然要求。在当今价值多元化的社会,部分大学生忧患意识的缺乏虽有社会环境因素的浸染,但更重要的是在培养大学生忧患意识方面存在问题。通过《中国近现代史纲要》课程中的具体事例,从爱国主义的培养、崇高理想的构建以及实践的观点对当代大学生的忧患意识的培养进行了探讨。     

Eyes on the Block: Measuring Urban Physical Disorder Through In-Person Observation

In this paper, we present results from measuring physical disorder in Los Angeles neighborhoods. Disorder measures came from structured observations conducted by trained field interviewers. We examine inter-rater reliability of disorder measures in depth. We assess the effects of observation conditions on the reliability of reporting. Finally, we examine the relationships between disorder, other indicators of neighborhood status, and selected individual outcomes.Our results indicate that there is considerable variation in the level of agreement among independent observations across items, although overall agreement is moderate to high. Durable indicators of disorder provide the most reliable measures of neighborhood conditions. Circumstances of observation have statistically significant effects on the observers’ perceived level of disorder. Physical disorder is significantly related to other indicators of neighborhood status, and to children’s reading and behavior development.This result suggests a need for further research into the effects of neighborhood disorder on children.     

Migration and stratification

Migration and stratification are increasingly intertwined. One day soon it will be impossible to understand one without the other. Both focus on life chances. Stratification is about differential life chances - who gets what and why - and migration is about improving life chances - getting more of the good things of life. To examine the interconnections of migration and stratification, we address a mix of old and new questions, carrying out analyses newly enabled by a unique new data set on recent legal immigrants to the United States (the New Immigrant Survey). We look at immigrant processing and lost documents, depression due to the visa process, presentation of self, the race-ethnic composition of an immigrant cohort (made possible by the data for the first time since 1961), black immigration from Africa and the Americas, skin color diversity among couples formed by US citizen sponsors and immigrant spouses, and English fluency among children age 8-12 and their immigrant parents. We find, inter alia, that children of previously illegal parents are especially more likely to be fluent in English, that native-born US citizen women tend to marry darker, that immigrant applicants who go through the visa process while already in the United States are more likely to have their documents lost and to suffer visa depression, and that immigration, by introducing accomplished black immigrants from Africa (notably via the visa lottery), threatens to overturn racial and skin color associations with skill. Our analyses show the mutual embeddedness of migration and stratification in the unfolding of the immigrants’ and their children’s life chances and the impacts on the stratification structure of the United States.     

Examining the Antecedents and Consequences of CIO Strategic Decision‐Making Authority: An Empirical Study*

Despite the strategic importance of information technology (IT) to contemporary firms, chief information officers (CIO) often still have varying degrees of strategic decision‐making authority. In this study, we apply the theory of managerial discretion to define CIO strategic decision‐making authority and argue that the CIO's level of strategic decision‐making authority directly influences IT's contribution to organization performance. We also draw on the power and politics perspective in the strategic decision‐making literature to identify the direct antecedents to the CIO's strategic decision‐making authority. A theoretical model is presented and empirically tested using survey data collected from a cross‐industry sample of 174 matched pairs of CIOs and top business executives through structural equation modeling. The results suggest that organizational climate, organizational support for IT, the CIO's structural power, the CIO's level of strategic effectiveness, and a strong partnership between the CIO and top management team directly influence the CIO's level of strategic decision‐making authority within the organization. The results also suggest that the CIO's strategic decision‐making authority in the organization directly influences the contribution of IT to firm performance and that effective CIOs have a greater influence on IT's contribution when provided with strategic decision‐making authority.     

基于多重抽样框的连续性抽样估计方法研究

多重抽样框可以解决单一抽样框难以完整覆盖流动性目标总体的难题,连续性抽样调查则可以获取变量的时序观测数据,对总体现象进行追踪调查。本文将多重抽样框调查与连续性抽样调查两种方法结合在一起进行研究,深入分析基于多重抽样框的连续性抽样估计方法。文章首先设计了连续性调查环境下总体结构变动表;然后,在简单随机抽样假定下的轮换样本调查情形开展研究,设计了14种参数缩减方法对构建的似然函数进行估计求解,并给出了估计量的迭代计算过程;最后,对本文的研究内容进行了总结与展望。     

中国社工的离职倾向及其影响因素研究

为了实现对中国社工离职倾向现状的总体描述,并检验“个体—职业/组织—家庭三因素模型”对于解释中国社工离职倾向原因的科学性,采用“中国社会工作者职业现状调查”的大样本全国调查数据（n=3111）开展研究。结果发现,有19.6%的社工想离开社工行业,这表明中国社工离职（转行）倾向的现状不容乐观。分层回归分析发现,个体因素、职业/组织因素和家庭因素均可以独立地解释社工在离职倾向得分上的变异,这表明,“个体—职业/组织—家庭三因素模型”确实是一个解释中国社工离职倾向原因的合理框架。这一模型是对西方“个体—组织模型”的扩展,体现了在东方文化中家庭因素对社工离职倾向的重要影响。这一研究结果对社工机构如何降低社工的离职倾向提供了重要的启示。     

The social dimensions of happiness and life satisfaction of Australians: Evidence from the World Values Survey

Relatively short‐term verbal therapies and other forms of intervention may help people to overcome difficult passages in life, but studies in recent decades have pointed to the salience of social and economic conditions in shaping life satisfaction and happiness. The present study contributes to our knowledge of this field by extending the range of social factors considered, but also, crucially, by the employment of statistical analyses that serve to disentangle the often overlapping variables associated with life satisfaction and happiness. Our results support previous ‘demographic’ findings as well as new results including education, marriage, children, human rights and, particularly in the context of Australian society, perceived choice in life. Establishing what the major contributing factors are can assist the formulation of social policy. Moreover, it can alert practitioners to the value of consolidating their work by encouraging service users to utilise community sources that enhance life satisfaction and/or happiness. Key Practitioner Message: ● The informed linking of service users to sources of life satisfaction and happiness can ‘value add’ direct service interventions; ● The salience of exercising individual choice to achieving life satisfaction reinforces the importance of the practice principle of self‐determination; ● A person's sense of physical wellbeing is a relevant part of social assessment and subsequent planned actions.     

The roles of food prices and food access in determining food purchases of low-income households

A growing literature suggests that limited access to full-service grocery stores may be linked to poor diets, obesity, and other diet-related diseases. Food prices are likely to be as much of a factor in low-income consumers’ food purchase decisions as food store access is, but few studies consider the roles of prices and food access simultaneously. We incorporate supermarket access into a utility-theoretic censored demand system for 13 food groups among households that receive the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits in the U.S. The demand system is estimated with a Bayesian procedure which otherwise would have been cumbersome with the classical approach. Results suggest that prices are significant determinants of food purchases, but supermarket access has limited influence. Improving food choices, diet, and health may require addressing both accessibility and affordability.     

大数据指数是否可以替代统计调查指数

2014年7月,澳盛银行首次将阿里巴巴系列指数纳入通胀观察标的,标志着大数据指数已经开始对传统的统计调查指数提出质疑和挑战。本文基于阿里巴巴aSPI指数和官方公布的CPI指数的比较研究,首次提出了aSPI指数显著优于CPI指数的一些基本特征;同时,通过实证分析对比了两种指数的同步性特征和分解性特征,即首先运用协整检验方法确定二者的同步性;其次通过EMD模型对二者进行序列分解,得出各自的波动成分和增长趋势;最后,在EMD对aSPI指数分解的基础上,通过Lasso回归估计了CPI指数。研究表明,随着对大数据研究的广泛性、科学性以及方法论和软件工具的进步,大数据指数对传统统计调查的佐证、补充乃至融合将会成为一种新趋势,通过实证、应用与发展,逐步产生新的CPI编制方法和分析体系,将是大数据指数理论和实践的根本出路。