Framing,Switching and Preference Reversals

An explicitly frame related interpretation of a very general more for less result is used to establish a correspondingly general class of frame related switching results. These are used in turn to show how preference reversals of kinds found by Allais and others may not only be essentially non-paradoxical in character, but can be expected to be frequently observed, even under conditions of certainty and of complete information.     

在线健康社区中用户隐私悖论行为影响因素研究

基于隐私计算理论和从众效应理论构建了在线健康社区隐私计算-从众效应隐私悖论模型,探究感知风险、感知收益、用户群体认同感和用户愉悦感等因素对用户隐私悖论行为的影响。研究表明,对平台的信任程度、社交性感知收益、用户群体认同感及用户愉悦感对隐私悖论行为的产生具有促进作用;隐私保护意识、实用性感知收益对于隐私悖论行为的产生没有显著影响。为此,用户应增强隐私保护意识,防范无意识泄露隐私行为;平台应采取措施强化用户隐私保护,提高用户社交性收益和信任度;管理部门应制定并完善隐私保护规章制度,强化宣传教育,从而促进在线健康社区良性发展。     

西方经济学要素价值论的哲学悖论

西方经济学把价值混同于使用价值,从货币出发去理解价值,把生产要素当作价值的源泉,形成了要素价值论。就价值的源泉而言,马克思的劳动价值理论是更科学和客观的。在西方经济学中,劳动和资本仅仅成了生产要素,这不仅消解了人在社会历史发展中的主体地位,而且也导致西方经济学内部对资本定义的莫衰一是。马克思的劳动价值论避免了要素价值论的缺陷。     

The lifestyle paradox: adverse effects of Internet use on self-rated health status

How individuals subjectively rate their health status stands in close relationship with both actual health status and mortality. Previous research has shown that Internet use in general, and online health information seeking in particular, increases self-rated health status. However, this relationship may not always hold true: Albrecht and Devlieger’s [(1999). The disability paradox: high quality of life against all odds. Social Science & Medicine, 48(8), 977–988] disability paradox captures that those with severe health conditions may still perceive their health as very good. This paper introduces the lifestyle paradox as another exception to the generally positive relationship: those without health conditions may still perceive their health as inferior based on general and health-related Internet use. This paper corroborates the lifestyle paradox empirically using quantitative data from the Oxford Internet Surveys connected to the national census through spatial microsimulation, and 43 qualitative interviews conducted with a subsample of the participants from the quantitative strand. A theoretical explanation for this phenomenon is provided based on the concepts of agenda setting and reference groups: the online realm may make lifestyle topics more salient, and provides a variety of opportunities for comparing oneself to others, thereby influencing how people evaluate their own health. Through describing, verifying and explaining the lifestyle paradox, this paper contributes theoretical and empirical insights into the relationship between Internet use and self-rated health status, and thereby adds to the scientific debate around tangible outcomes of Internet use.     

网络文化与人类生存样态悖论考评

网络及其由网络诞生的网络文化,已经成为人们日常生活的组成部分,对于人类生存样态的影响是不能忽视的。各种影响在实践中又表现为种种悖论：网络文化的虚拟性与人类生存真实样态,非理性与理性的矛盾及其结合,边界与无边界之间,无序与有序之间等等,不一而足。这些悖论性表现,又可归结为网络文化与人类生存样态的真实关系。消除这些悖论几乎是不可能的,需要做的工作应当是尽最大可能降低网络及其文化的负面效应,让网络释放出更多的“正能量”,对人类的生存样态产生更多的积极影响。     

马原小说叙事与先锋文学批评的阐释困境

在20世纪80年代的文学语境中,对文体自由的期待构成了文学发展的内在动力,批评家们由此对文学形式因素产生偏爱。在此情形下,马原对小说叙事的积极探索引起了他们的兴趣和关注,并经由他们的积极阐释而以叙事的先锋著称于文坛。然而,马原小说及其批评并没有依照人们的意愿走向深入,反而因为某种"叙事圈套"的操作困境而走入误区。马原小说期望与批评之间的悖反现象值得回味和反思。     

中世纪基督教美学的身体观与身体意象探析

在许多学者眼中,中世纪美学是轻视身体和感性生活的典型。然而,这种立场可能折射出根深蒂固的误解。事实上,中世纪基督教美学并非简单地否定身体,而是以一种背反的方式肯定了身体的地位和价值。从奥古斯丁到托马斯.阿奎那,身体都不仅被认作反映上帝荣耀的受造物,而且被视为可以获救的希望之舟。如果说获救之前的身体是血气之身,那么,获救之后的身体则为轻盈、纯洁、不朽的属灵之体。通过重构这两个系列的身体意象,会发现中世纪身体美学的矛盾品格:在对身体的肯定中蕴涵着对身体的否定,反之亦然。正因如此,中世纪身体美学才蕴涵着多个维度的可能性。     

弗罗斯特诗歌的悖论诗学

美国诗人弗罗斯特有着比较复杂的世界观。他认为,世界是一个丑与美的复合体,人类是一个善与恶的组合体。这种悖论诗学在其诗歌中主要表现为四个方面:(1)热爱自然,憎恨自然;(2)热爱生活,厌倦生活;(3)热爱人类,憎恶人类;(4)始于欢乐,终于忧伤。从新批评的视野出发,在精神分析与文化批评视阀下,解读弗罗斯特"乡村哲学家"的悖论诗学,有助于真正地感悟其诗歌中的智慧与真谛。     

The post-Macy paradox,information management and organising: Good intentions and a road to hell?

Between 1946 and 1953, leading scientists met in New York in the context of the so-called Macy conferences, often linked to the emergence of cybernetics. They hankered for a new vision of mind and society. The traumatism of WW2 was implicit but omnipresent, and the Cold War was beginning. Macy key tools and concepts about information, the value of information, and computer artefacts have finally produced a new world, in particular an organisational world, which is far removed from their original dreams. Organisational members are now involved in difficult situations in terms of organising, that is, new modes of performativity which are difficult to comprehend and deal with; a transformation of meaning and knowledge in collective activity; and a threat to well-being and happiness as mental activities, cognition and bodies are increasingly disconnected. We use the Macy conferences as an entry point to reflect on the ‘longue durée’ evolution of the material underpinnings of information and their relationship with organising. We first explore the new conceptualisations at the core of the Macy conferences, information, value of information, and computer artefacts. We then put the Macy conferences into a socio-historical perspective by means of two theoretical approaches, iconographical and semiotic; this involves a historical comparison between the ‘screen-images’ or our Information Age and the ‘object-images’ of medieval cathedrals. We show that there are important disruptions in organising grounded in a new semiosis, which emerged over the longue durée of collective activity, and was articulated further during the Macy conferences. We describe this long-term evolution as the post-Macy paradox.     

理性的现代性及其在文学理论中的命运

我国当代文艺学关于理性在文学中的功能的争论呈现出种种乖谬,其原因除了学理建设不完善外,世界范围内的理性概念通过现代性运动所发生的转折是更根本的原因。合理性取代宏大理性成为第一原理,导致了文学对理性的抵制,同时又引起了反理性悖论。理性在文学理论中的尴尬命运,是一件与现代性的基点相联系的事情,摆脱此种困境有赖于我们从根子上检讨现代性冲动的基础。